Midterm assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Midterm assignment - Essay Example It was published in 2011 indicating that the factors which were present during that time, influenced Fetterolf to write on issues that affected women. In fact, the title reveals that, during that time, there existed gender disparity and women were treated unequal members of the society. This situation influenced Fetterolf to reveal woman as the subject in his article (Fetterolf, 2011). In his article, Fetterolf claim to carry out a study that examines the future gender equality expectations of young women in their marriages and careers, upon getting higher education. In my suggestion, I believe that gender equality will never be achieved, despite women’s level of education, because of the conflicting responsibilities in marriages and career opportunities. Argument: This deduction from the article is a fallacy based on fact that the information is generalized based on the general appeal that people in well paying careers work must work for longer hours to match their payment. Fallacy: Greater education of participants,’ possible selves would lead them to evaluate themselves more favorably, anticipate greater emotional well-being, and perceive goals concerning finances, respect and power, and career as more

Effect of Molecular Weight in the Rate of Diffusion

Effect of Molecular Weight in the Rate of Diffusion Jarrel Dean A. Yecyec ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight in the rate of diffusion was determined by placing potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue in a petri dish of agar-water gel with three wells. After a drop of each in well the petri dish was covered then, the diameter of the colored area was measured with three minute interval. It was measured ten times. Methylene blue has the lowest molecular weight but, Methylene blue showed the longest diameter. Thus, Molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION According to the experiment of diffusion, two feet glass tube was fasten horizontally to a ring stand. After moistening two cotton balls of the same size, one with hydrochloric acid and the other with ammonium hydroxide it is plugged to one end and the other end. White smoke was observed inside the tube. When you measure the distance from the cotton to the white ring, ammonium hydroxide exhibits the longer distance. Diffusion demonstrates random motion that proceeds from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Diffusion it is when molecules try to achieve equilibrium. Diffusion of gases always happens gradually, it takes a relatively long time. For example, when you open a bottle of perfume inside a room it will take time before a person smell it in the other side of the room. This is explained by the numerous collisions of molecules while moving from one end to another. The root-mean-square speed is a way to estimate molecular speed. We can estimate how fast a molecule move, on the average, at any temperature. By interpreting the formula it shows that the heavier the gas, the slowly its molecules move. Molecular weight it is the mass in grams of one mole of molecules of formula units of a substance. It is also called as molecular mass. The hypothesis was arrived based on previous observation, the hypothesis is if molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion then the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion. Agar is a polymer made up of subunits of galactose, it is also a component of some cell walls. When dissolved in boiling water and cooled, agar looks gelatinous. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue are the compounds that will be used in this experiment. This study aimed to determine the effect of molecular weight to the rate of diffusion. The specific objectives were. To describe the effect of diffusion To explain why heavier molecules tend to be slower than lighter molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS A petri dish of agar-water gel with three wells with a diameter of 5 millimeter was prepared. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue were obtained. The color of potassium permanganate is red-violet, potassium dichromate is yellow, and methylene blue is blue this is based on observation. One drop of each prepared solution was then placed into each well and then the petri dish should be immediately covered, a dropper was used. A ruler was used for measuring the diameter of the colored area of each substance. The set up was then recorded at a regular three-minute interval for a half hour, for every interval the colored area was measured and recorded in table 4.2. A phone was used in recording the time. After thirty minutes, the colored area was measured and recorded. The zero minute and the thirty minute were compared. A graph comparing the three solutions was then plotted and analyzed. Partial rate of diffusion was calculated at each interval. The formula for the partial rate of diffusion is final minus initial diameter of colored area divided by the final minus initial time measured. The average rate of diffusion (mm/min.) will be calculated and graphed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As seen in Table 1 results showed that Potassium permanganate diffuse faster than the other two. There are times that they are constant showed in Figure 1. The diameter increases as time increases but there are points that there is no change in the diameter. Potassium permanganate with the lowest molecular weight is the fastest to diffuse and Methylene blue with the highest molecular weight is the slowest to diffuse. As seen in Table 2 Potassium permanganate has the highest average rate of diffusion, it is moving 0.37 millimeters per minute. It is the fastest compared to others. Figure 2 completely showed the comparison of average rate of diffusion. The hypothesis if the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion then the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion is accepted. It is supported by the root-mean-square speed because you can compute for the speed of a molecule and by the experiments. Table 1. The diameter of the three solutions at a regular three-minute interval for thirty minutes. Figure 1. A line graph comparing the three solutions and showing the Effect of time in the diameter of the colored area Table 2. The partial rates of diffusion of the three solutions. Figure 2 Comparison of the partial rates of diffusion of the three solutions. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The effect of the molecular weight in the rate of diffusion was determined. One drop of each prepared solution was placed into each well and the diameter was measured at a regular three minute interval for a half hour. The average rate of diffusion was computed and supported the experiment. The data we gathered is credible because there is no source of error. The results showed that Potassium permanganate exhibits fast diffusion compared to others. Therefore, molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the heaver the compound the slower the rate of diffusion. I recommend this experiment. add more compounds with different molar weight and different kind of samples too. If you are dealing with gases try to compute the theoretical speed of a molecule by using the root-mean-square speed and compare it with the one you observed. LITERATURE CITED Dorland, W.A.M. 2012.Agar, Dorland's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved January 17, 2013 Zumdahl, S.S 1998. Chemical Principles. 3rd edition. Houghton Mifflin. A37. Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Jill. p. 183-185 Duka, A.I.M, Diaz, Q.M.G, Villa, O.N. 2009. Biology 1 laboratory manual: An investigative approach. Ninth edition. UP Los Banos, College, Laguna, Philippines. No author. Diffusion and Osmosis.

Essay --

December 9, 2013 Breanna Whittemore English 101 Section 0006 Critical Reflection I went into English 101 knowing that there would be a lot of writing. I was never very fond of writing and I was never that good at it. I wasn’t very excited for this class. When I found out how the class was going to be graded I was shocked, I didn’t think I would be able to pass. I didn’t understand what any of the terms on the final portfolio assessment rubric (PAR) were. As we went through the semester however the idea of turning in a portfolio became less daunting. My writing improved and I knew that if I kept revising I would be able to pass. When I started the semester I went in with a very different way of writing essays than the way that we were learning in this class. I had learned to write short essays that answered prompts, the essay writing that I learned in English 101 was, putting two essays in conversation with each other. In my essay Identity and Discourse, I compare one author’s writing with another author’s writing and how they relate.â€Å"Your home Discourse also gives us a good foundation of what our identity is† (Whittemore, 3) In that line I was able to show that I found a connection between identity and discourse. That is what the purpose of the essay is, to put James Paul Gee’s theory of discourse in a conversation with Robert Brooke’s theory of identity. When it came to the purpose of my essay, I was never very good at expressing what it was. This course has really taught me how to express purpose. It also taught me how to find purpose in others writing. â€Å"What I am going to be talking about in this essay is the purpose of Jean Anyon’s essay, Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work.† (Whittemore, 2) That is the purpose o... ...g of the kind of writing that you do for specific occasions is acceptable as well, and sometimes needed in order for you to get your message across. I came into English 101, a little afraid of what it was going to be like and if my writing abilities were strong enough for me to take it. Once I started the semester though things got a lot easier and I was able to really enjoy writing. The terms on the PAR do not look as discouraging. I am able to put works of literature into a conversation now and find how they connect. I also know what lines of inquiry are and I am able to find them in others essays and put them into mine. I can also find passages from texts to support my statement. Overall, I believe that English 101 has made me a better writer and I think that I have improved tremendously in my writing skills since the first day of class.

Chartism Essay

The working class in Britain was a class that made up the majority of the poplulation, but did not have representtation in the British government. This lack of representation led them to have horrible working conditions, low wages, and widespread poverty throughout the working classes. The people became frusterated and during the 1830’s and 1840’s a new movement, Chartism, came about to solve their problems. Chartism was an attempt to link the economic plight of the working to a program of political reform. The Chartist movement is a complex movement that is viewed as both revolutionary by the Physical Force Chartists and the Middle Class, it is viewed as moderate by the Moral Force Chartists and the Traditional Rulling Classes. The Physical Force Chartists were a small group of working class individuals that were willing to do anything to get political rights. The political rights they wanted were listed in the â€Å"People’s Charter†and called for universal manhood suffrage, annual parliament elections, a secret ballot, no property requirements for parliament, equal representation, and payment for the members of parliament (Doc1). The physical force chartists wanted these rights so bad that they would do anything, such as viloence to obtain them. Physical force chartists saw other chartists that were not willing to work and implement the â€Å"People’s Charter† no matter at what cost as lazy, and an impedement to the movement suceeding, going as far to say if these people in the city do not work everything else is useless (Doc4). This lack of establishment of the moral forces most likely did lead to their demise because if action and authority were not expressed, the movement would be and did, become recognized as a puny and unthreatening movement by the ruling classes. The ruling classes saw the movement as so unthreatening they released the Physical Force leader, Feargus O’Conner, the â€Å"terror to tyrants† from jail (Doc5). After being released from jail, Feargus O’Conner attended a meeting that called for a general strike that would cripple the British economy, but lead them closer to political rights (Doc6). The year The Communist Manefesto was published, and the year of the French Revolution, the Physical Force Chartists took inspiration to call for a working class revolution. They intentionally used the French Revolution because they believed it would create an essence of fear. They start the article with â€Å"Glory to the Proletarians†and this statement directly calls for a European style working class revolution (Doc8). This revolution never succeeded, and was the fall of the Chartist movement. Moral Force Chartists were the more moderate working class individuals that wanted to use more â€Å"mainstream† ways to gain political rights. One â€Å"mainstream†way of obtaining their rights were to pass the â€Å"People’s Charter† through parliament instead of using force to gain the listed arguements. Another differentiating view of theirs was the definition of Universal Manhood Suffrage. They saw this right as having, â€Å"a right to have a good coat to his back, a comfortable abode in which to shelter himself and his family, a good dinner upon his table, and as much wages for that work as would keep him in plenty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Doc2). So, their views were far more moderate and humble than that of the Physical Force Chartists, all they wanted was a fair share of life. The Moral Chartists saw physical force as a right to the Constitution, based upon Two Treatises of Government by John Locke, they considered the worst thing short of the right to vote is violence (Doc3). The Moral Force Chartists mimick the high-class, namely the middle class, of British society. They host tea parties sand balls and this shows how moderate they are. The Moral Chartists caused the chartist movement to be considered unthreatening, and eventually caused its demise. The Traditional Ruling class of Britain (landowners, the Prime Minister, and the monarchy) are basically uneffected by the chartist movement and because of this consider it unthreatening and very moderate. They were not afraid, even of the physical force chartist leader, Feargus O’Conner, who they released from jail (Doc5). The Chief of Police at the time even let massive Chartist meetings to occur, showing even more how they were not considered as a threat (Doc10). The Traditional Class saw the demands of the chartists as radical, but because they showed no indications of violence, saw their actions as very moderate. They even knew that any actions committed would not be by the masses, but rather the individual because of lack of communication and resolve(Doc10). So, overall the Traditional Class viewed the chartists as a movement based upon revolution, but acted upon in moderation. The Middle Class viewed the Chartist movement as a threatening and extremely radical movement. The Middle Class viewed the working classes as violent, upon the basis of the French Revolution. They saw the working classes as radical because they wanted to gain rights, that they had fought for, and just barely gained. The Middle Class was in panic, and expected a revolution because they believe that the chartists are determined to have their wishes granted (Doc9). The Middle Class would also consider the working classes as radical because of the people involved in their movement, more specifically women (Doc7). Women had no rights and are at this time, in higher classes, nothing more than a wealth status. They are barely educated and stay at home, doing nothing because even the kids were taken care of by a nanny and the food was cooked by a cook. So, the Middle Class could not fathom why women should vote, and questioned their ability to vote. The Middle Class viewed the Working Class as a violent threat to themselves and to England’s stability.

Tourism Industry

A pictorial account for the BUFFS Centennial August 2011 Part 1 : Transport, Supply, Reconnaissance This is a brief pictorial account of the history of fixed wing flying in the roles of transport, supply, reconnaissance, patrol and inventory with the British Columbia Forest Service. The Early Years By now, many of us have heard about or seen the results of the C Forest Branch's first foray Into the world of aircraft. A contract was Initiated by the Department of Lands with the Hoffa Motor Boat Company for the construction of a single engine two seat flying boat, to be used primarily for trolling.The H-2 biplane was constructed during the summer of 1 918 and test flights conducted toward the end of August and early September. On September 4th, on one of the early tests over Vancouver, the aircraft experienced engine problems and the pilot elected to head for the waters of Coal Harbor. It never made it. The aircraft stalled (quit flying) and spiraled onto the roof of a Figure 1 : Hoffa H-2 crash Vancouver Seep. 1918 house In West Vancouver. The H-2 was destroyed but the young pilot luckily sustained only minor Injuries. This ended the thought of Forest Service aircraft ownership for almost 80 years.In September of 1919, the first aerial discovery of a forest fire in B. C. Took place over Duncan. The pilot off Curtiss JNI-4 (possibly during an alarm mail flight) spotted the fire and landed at Duncan to report It to the Forest Branch, who then took suppression action. The end of WWW saw a surplus of aircraft and support equipment in both Europe and North America. After the war, governments and agencies recognized the value of aircraft in Figure 2: Curtiss JNI-4 first forest fire discovery 1919 supplies. The Canadian government formed the Dominion Air Board to oversee the growing civil aviation in Canada.Half a dozen air stations were established across the country in 1920 including Vancouver, located at Jericho Beach. The Vancouver Air Station soon acquired 2 types of flying boats. 2 The Curtiss HAS-AL was a single engine four place biplane with a payload of up to 700 pounds and a top speed of 70 MPH. The Flowstone F. 3 was a large twin engine flying boat capable of speeds over 85 MPH and a payload up to 12 people with gear. These aircraft were not used operationally in 1920 but the HAS-AL was tested and evaluated by the Forest Branch and Air Station in the fall.The 1921 fire season saw both types used in arioso roles by the Forest Branch including patrols, fire suppression and forest reconnaissance, inventory and photography. One HAS-AL was also based in Sampson during that summer. 1922 proved to be a serious fire season on B. C. ‘s coast. The F. 3 proved it's worth transporting men and equipment to fires. Near the end of July the F. 3 transported men, equipment and camp supplies too fire near Battle Lake on Vancouver Island. The use of the F. 3 saved days of ground travel and undoubtedly prevented the fire from becoming a major event. By 1923, the Forest Branch had become somewhat disenchanted with both types of aircraft as they were becoming obsolete. Aircraft performance was not up to requirements especially in the mountains, and aircraft maintenance costs were high. In 1924 the Branch used the aircraft on a casual basis and only flew two dozen hours. By 1926 the regular use of aircraft for forestry work was severely curtailed. Figure 3: HAS-AL at Alert say late 1920. BC Archives AN-07649 Figure 4: Flowstone F. 3 1926 including an account of the 1918 accident, see the publication â€Å"Aircraft and Their Use in Forestry in B. C. 1918 – 1926† http://www. Abscess. Ca/docs/PDF/8/398. PDF 3 Through the late sass's and sass's occasional fire patrols and aerial spray projects were undertaken by the Branch, but not nearly on the scale of the early sass's. Fire patrols did continue with local civilian aircraft if they were available. Aircraft such as the Devaluing Moth were used for patrol and reconnaissa nce work. In 1929, in response to a outbreak of western hemlock eloper in Indian Arm near Vancouver, the Branch conducted an â€Å"experimental Figure 5: Devaluing Gypsy Moth Race 1935 dusting† project with a Boeing Flying Boat. 200 pounds of calcium arsenate was spread over 45 acres reportedly with â€Å"satisfactory results†. Primarily due to the Depression, the period between 1932 and WI proved to be lean years for aviation and fire suppression in the province. Fire suppression funding was severely curtailed during this time. Figure 6: Boeing Flying Boat dusting project Figure 7: Boeing BIB Flying Boat Indian Arm 4 WI and Post War Years During the Second World War Forest Branch personnel again recognized the value and potential of aircraft, particularly float planes in the fire detection and suppression roles.In 1942 they noted â€Å"there will be room for air transport in the post-war organization of the Forest Branch†. During this period lookout trained in the identification of hostile aircraft assisted the military as part of the â€Å"Aircraft Detection Corps†. In return the military provided reconnaissance and transport flying when available. In 1943 and '44 local aircraft were chartered for specific projects. In 1945 the Branch contracted 2 float aircraft based in the Fort George District. One plane was smaller, suitable for reconnaissance work and the able to move men and equipment to remote fires.These aircraft also flew in the Nelson and Sampson Districts that season. The success of these aircraft lead to the addition of a second contract in 1946. Two Cessna Crane aircraft on wheels were based in Sampson and Nelson as well as the float aircraft in Fort George. This new contract was with Central B. C. Airways Ltd. Which went on to become Pacific Western Airlines in 1953. This started a lengthy association with this company into the sass's. Figure 8: Fairchild 82 Nelson River 1944 AN-08394 Parachute tests were conducted wi th the Crane in Sampson in 1946 using U. S. Surplus 6†² cargo chutes.Figure 9: Cessna Crane 5 After the war, in response to the demands of Canadian bush operators, Devaluing Aircraft of Canada Ltd. Signed and developed the DC 2 Beaver. The prototype aircraft registered as CB-FEB. serial # 1 first flew in August 1947 and was acquired by Central B. C. Airways in early 1948. It wasn't long before FEB. was part of the B. C. Forest Service's contract fleet. Nearly 1700 Beavers were built between 1947 and 1968 and were registered in over 60 countries. There are many Beavers operating commercially and privately DC 2 the most popular bush aircraft in history.Figure 10: Beaver CB-FEB. near New Denver 1950 CB-FEB. is now preserved and on display at the Canadian Aviation and Space Museum in Rocklike / Ottawa. Over the next decade, the use of aircraft increased and became nearly routine. Workhorse types such as the Mourned Norman and Junkers JUJU/34 were used extensively, more often than n ot on floats. They transported and supported crews and supplies not only on fires but on projects such as lookout construction, saving a tremendous amount of time and money. One project saw the freely drop of packaged lumber to a drop site with the Junkers WWW aircraft.Figure 1 1: Central BC Airways Junkers W 34 transport Figure 12: Freely lumber drop Junkers 34 1949 AN-09884 6 By 1954 the Forest Service had a interact with Pacific Western Airlines for 6 float aircraft including: 4 Beavers, 1 Junkers 34 and 1 Fairchild 71 . They were based at Vancouver, Lakes, Prince George, Sampson and Nelson. All aircraft had a minimum 1000 pound payload and were paradox equipped. These were on top of the many charter operators and aircraft available throughout the province by the mid ass's.Several other Forest Service Divisions used the contract and charter aircraft including Surveys and Inventory Division. Figure 13: Pacific Western Airlines Norman 1956 In the late spring of 1955 disaster struck . A Pacific Western Cessna 180 floodplain (similar to the one pictured at right) departed Ocean Falls with the pilot and 3 survey creamers with the Forest Surveys and Inventory Division. Their eventual destination was Keenan where the survey crew camp was located. The aircraft never arrived. A search was military and 8 PAW aircraft.The aerial search officially ended on June 22nd. Forest Service survey vessels searched for another week or more, but the aircraft and occupants were never found. Figure 14: Cessna 180 floodplain Figure 1 5: Pacific Western Airlines Scans and Norman were part of the aerial reach 7 To illustrate the tremendous growth in the post war aviation industry in B. C. , by the spring of 1959 the Pacific Western Airlines fleet consisted of: 6 DC g's, 2 C ass's, 2 DC g's, 12 Norman, 23 Beavers, 2 Mallards, 8 Cessna ass's and 10 Bell 47 helicopters. Ass's and on Other aircraft types that emerged in the sass's and early ass's included the Fairchild Husky F II and the D evaluing DC 3 Otter, both of which also operated as water bombers. By 1965 the Forest Service contract fleet (in addition to retainers, birdsong and helicopters) consisted of 3 Beavers based at Vancouver, Sampson and Nelson, and 1 Otter based at Prince George. Their primary role was transporting fire fighters, work parties and supplies to inaccessible areas. On occasion they would serve in the roles of air patrol and reconnaissance.Figure 16: Fairchild Husky F II 6 Piper Super Cub PA ass's were also on contract to the Province. These 2 seat aircraft started flying for the Forest Service in 1960. In 1965 two were based at Dawson Creek, two at Smithies, one at Williams Lake and one at Keelson. They were considered â€Å"flying lookouts† whose sole purpose was fire detection. They flew fixed patrol routes coverage. Figure 17: Devaluing DC 3 otter Figure 18: A Skyway Air Services Super Cub – illustrating oversized tires for use in soft, rough field operations 8 Again, in r esponse to demands of operators and customers, Devaluing Aircraft developed the DDCD Twin Otter.This twin engine turboprop aircraft was generally a replacement for the single Otter and provided greater reliability, payload and retained the short take off and landing (STOOL) capabilities. The Twin Otter's first flight was in May 1965. It went on to become a success internationally and has been a workhorse in B. C. For over 40 years in wheel, float and ski infatuation. We would be remiss in not mentioning the Grumman line of Figure 19: Air west DDCD -rate otter amphibious aircraft. The Grumman Widgeon, Goose and Mallard undoubtedly played an important part in this era in the history of B.C. F. S. Transport flying, especially on the coast. Figure 20: Grumman Widgeon – Harrison Airways Figure 21: Grumman Goose – BC Airlines 1968 Sandpit Figure 22: Grumman Mallard – Pacific Western Airlines 9 1967 proved to be the heaviest flying year in history to that point. Transp ort and reconnaissance flying in the province reached nearly 9000 hours with contract and harder aircraft, and accounted for over 40% of the overall flying that summer. Numbers and types of provincial contracted aircraft remained fairly static through and equipment was still in it's infancy through this period.The sass's saw increased use of agricultural aircraft in aerial spray, fertilization and grass seeding projects on the coast and in the southern interior. The Cessna 188 Goanna operated by Contain Aviation was a popular resource on these projects. Figure 23: Early ass's shot of Contain C 188 – possible tests of aerial drops of seedlings in plastic bullets Figure 24: Contain Goanna – spray calibration with Radiomen dye The Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre was formed in June of 1982 with British Columbia as one of the founding members. Cuff's mandate included â€Å"a cost effective sharing of resources†.The 1985 fire season was one of the worst in dec ades with over 3600 fires consuming 235,000 hectares. At peak periods there were over 8,000 firefighters employed. CIFS was to become a major benefit during this season. Aside from some aerial detection aircraft, there were no support or transport aircraft on long term contracts during this period. Several aircraft were placed on short term agreements, usually for 30 day periods. Douglas DC as and Figure 25: DC 3 operated by North Caribou Air 10 several Beech 200 King Airs were put on these agreements to guarantee their availability.The North Caribou Air Docs were kept very busy transporting firefighters and fire equipment especially in the southeast of the province. The King Airs were used primarily for transport of personnel, however one operated by Contain provided infrared mapping services on the larger fires in the south of the through the National Safety Council of Australia. Air patrols flew over 10,600 hours in 1985. Figure 26: Contain King Air infrared aircraft at Scrapbook 1985 † Ram† fire in the background The B. C. F. S. Continued to use short term agreements for transport aircraft when needed through the late sass's and early sass's. Ass's and on The development of provincial sustained action (Unit) crews in the late sass's and early ass's lead to the need to transport these crews quickly, often from one end of the province to the other. In 1992 the province entered into a long term seasonal contract with Transcriptional Airlines for the services of a Contain 580. This also allowed for long distance pre-positioning of Initial Attack crews. Figure 27: TAP CIVIC safety Features card 1992 Figure 28: Trans-provincial C.V. 580 at Keelson 1992 11 In early 1993 Trans-provincial was purchased by Harbor Air and the B.C. F. S. Contract was continued with Keelson Flightiest Ltd. Flightiest (KEF) continued with the long term agreement through the busy 1994 fire season. They provided a â€Å"comb'† aircraft capable of carrying personnel and equipment together in the cabin area. In 1995, Contain Aviation supplied a contracted Devaluing Dash 7 leased from Trans Capital Airlines Figure 29: Flightiest C.V. 580 Sampson with fire crews 1994 from Ontario. The aircraft proved to e a success and led to negotiations with Contain over the winter of 1995 196.Figure 30: Contain/Trans Capital Dash 7 Bootstrap 1995 Figure 31 : Dash 7 C-EGGS demoralizing fire crews at Sampson ownership of aircraft? After 78 years, in January of 1996, the Forest Service Protection Branch entered into a Joint Venture partnership agreement with Contain Aviation for the ownership of a 4 engine DC Dash â€Å"comb'† transport aircraft. 12 The aircraft could seat up to 44 passengers and had an area dedicated for firefighting equipment or other cargo. The aircraft (registered as C-FIJI) was ideal for crew deployments within B. C. And to other adjacent agencies.The aircraft operated through the 2001 fire season, at which time Contain chose to limit thei r operations to fixed wing firebombing aircraft. The aircraft and parts were sold to Trans Capital in 2002. It went on to serve with the United Nations overseas. Figure 33: Dash 7 Captain outlining ramp procedures to fire crews prior to departing from Castle. Figure 32: Unveiling of Joint Venture Dash 7 spring of 1996 Contain President Barry Marksmen and Protection Branch Director Jim Dunlop in attendance. Figure 34: Interior of ‘vowel showing dedicated cargo area. Tourism Industry Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Term Paper International Business BUS 301 Submitted on: 20th July 2014 Letter of Transmittal Sub: Submission of term paper for completion of academic course Dear Madam, This is to inform you that we have completed our term paper on Tourism Industry of Bangladesh for the Summer 2014 semester as a requirement of our academic course International Business (BUS 301 The report encompasses on the functioning, organization, growth prospect, and other Important facets of tourism In Bangladesh.Through this report a bridge between our classroom learning about the theories and he reality of tourism Industry In Bangladesh has been established. It was, Indeed a great opportunity to study this industry of our own country. For extending our scope for learning, we shall like to take this platform to thank you. In writing this report, we have followed your instructions for report writing so as to present our views and understanding in the easiest possible ways. However, it will be our pleasure to clarify any discrepancies that may arise.Thank you in anticipation. Acknowledgements On the very first note we will like to thank the Almighty for helping us to complete this paper. It has been an honor and privilege to work with all those wonderful people who have contributed something of theirs to this paper. There are certainly some special ones who cannot go without mention. We express our humble gratitude to our respected faculty Ms Seedy Carnaubas Shabby, for her continuous support, assistance, guidance, and encouragement that has helped us sparing her valuable time to read this report.Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 6 8 8 Industry 12 Export growth 19 Industry production . 24 policy 30 value 39 This report provides detailed information about tourism industry in Bangladesh in the light of international business. It provides an industry overview, size and growth, domestic market, related export and import, industry capacity, industry segment, sq uired resources, policy initiatives, demand drivers, value chain, and industry analysis under Porter's Diamond model.The theories which have been learned on Bangladesh tourism industry so that the actual functioning of the theories can be witnessed. Bangladesh is a land enriched in natural beauty. It has a rich history and cultural background that presents that presents it with a wide array of tourism facility. In order to make the best use of the natural resources and historical sites the country has developed modern facilities like hotels, motels, restaurants, theme parks, ND other recreation and communication modes.The emergence of globalization have facilitated this industry and contributed to the country's GAP in a sustainable manner. Furthermore, it is also assisting other related and supporting industries to rise. Several international players have highlighted Bangladesh positively as a tourism destination during the last couple of years. The worldwide Endorsers of Nature cam paign included Sandbars and Cox's Bazaar among more than 440 candidate locations from 220 countries. Along with only 27 locations Sandbars is still a part of the competition.World leading publisher of travel guides and guidebooks, Lonely Planet, recommended Bangladesh as one of the top ten interesting travel destination in 2009. New travel guides have been published on Bangladesh by international renowned publishers. There should be no doubt, national as well as international; the Bangladesh tourism sector has indeed potential. But to make a successful international tourism destination it is Just not enough that Bangladesh has an interesting history, culture, nature and society to show – much more is required.Tourism sector of Bangladesh needs to be boosted through tragic management to raise gross domestic product of the country. As such linkage among vision, mission, goal and result are required. This will enhance tourism opportunity of the country. Introduction This academi c report has been prepared with the aim of studying tourism industry of Bangladesh. The main intention was to have an elaborate understanding of the industry in order to comprehend this industry as an internationally recognized industry.Specific objectives General study on the industry – industry size, growth, capacity, domestic market, etc ; Analyze the export opportunities and potentials of this industry and the related imports that are being drawn by this industry ; Extensive learning on the industry production capacity, human resource and other factor requirements, policy initiatives, and demand facilitation ; Learn about the value chain of this service industry ; Incorporating theories with actuality Scope of the report The report consists of details analysis of tourism industry in Bangladesh from multiple dimensions.Thorough inclusion of theories and examples has enriched the report. This may be used for future academic and professional use to some extent. The keen anal ysis of issues can be effective if it is nurtured further. Methodology For this report mainly secondary sources have been used for data collection and analysis ; Text books Websites Journals Other reports and publications The major limitation of this report is that it is strictly based on secondary data. No primary research has been conducted.An overview of various matters has been brought forward, but it is deficient in terms of objectivity to a little extent. Therefore, much elaborate research and groundwork has not been conducted. Furthermore, access to recent data few cases proved to be challenging. Outline: Tourism in Bangladesh is a developing foreign currency earner. The country was listed by Lonely Planet in 2011 as the â€Å"best value destination†. Bangladesh tourist attractions include, historical and monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forests and tribal people, wildlife of various species.Bangladesh offers ample opportunities to tourists for angling, water skiing, river cruising, hiking, yachting, sea bathing as well as bringing one in close touch with pristine nature. In the northern part, imprisoning the Rajahs division, there are archaeological sites, including the temple city Putrid in Rajahs; the largest and most ancient archaeological site, Manslaughter in Bogart; the single largest Buddhist monastery, Paragraph in Mango; the most ornamental terracotta Hindu temple in Bangladesh Kantian Temple, and many Raisers or palaces of old Seminars.In the south-eastern part, which is the Chitchatting division, there are natural and hilly areas like Chitchatting Hill Tracts, along with sandy sea beaches. The most notable beach, in Cox's Bazaar, is a contender for the title of longest unbroken sandy sea beach in the world. Cox's Bazaar is the longest natural unbroken sea beach in the world. In the south-western part, the world with Royal Bengal Tiger and spotted deer. The historically and architecturally important sixty domed mosque in Bege tter is a notable site. In the north-eastern part, Sylphs division, there is a green carpet of tea plants on small hillocks.Natural reserved forests are great attractions. Migratory birds in winter, particularly in the hoar areas, are also very attractive in this area. Overview of the Industry Ministry of Tourism and The Civil Aviation Ministry design national policies for the velveteen and promotion of tourism. The Ministry also maintains the Beautiful Bangladesh campaign. It was an ancient state founded around 300 BC where Bengal region (Bangladesh and West Bengal) lies today according to the information available from Wisped.Greek, Latin and Egyptian accounts about Sangria suggested that the country was located in the detail region of South Bengal. In many meetings, conferences, talk shows, seminars and travel fairs that were held in Dacha, the principle speakers including the tourism minister and senior tourism officials speak about tourist arrivals and tourism revenue. But thes e figures are not accepted as reliable by many users, because their mode of collection is not often dependable.The â€Å"tourist arrival† figures are calculated on a monthly basis by the police department from reports at the entry check points and not by professionals. The foreign exchange figures are released by the Bangladesh Bank on the basis of returns furnished by the stakeholders of the tourism industry. While reports from tourism earnings are regular, the reports on tourist arrivals lag behind by years for reasons only known to government. During the last five years (2006-2010) Bangladesh achieved a total number of 15, 29,000 visitors and earned IIS$ 413. 00 million.In order to make these figures more reliable at the national and at the international levels, steps should be taken by the government to modernize the methods of collecting such statistics. There is a Tourism Satellite Accounting System for aggregating the figures of tourist arrivals and earnings, which hav e been introduced by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTO). Bangladesh, a founding member of the UNTO, should avail this technical assistance from UNTO under the ‘digital' Bangladesh program for streamlining these compilations.The World Travel and Tourism Council (WATCH) and UNTO reports say that international arrivals have been positive in 2012, although in the Euro Zone, due to sovereign debt issues and national austerity policies, tourism spending has declined. The pace of growth in the developing countries, including Bangladesh, is faster than in developed nations. Tourism and the resultant employments in the sector fluctuate with every major incident that affects the world; namely the global melt-down of banks, climate change, Tsunami and incidents like Arab spring.In order to adjust to the fluctuations, major tourist destinations adjust their tourism policies in time. The US government is very much awake to the problems of fluctuations. President Obama in January last year signed a law, The Travel Promotion Act 2010, to take steps in keeping domestic tourists at home and to attract more inbound tourists; keeping in mind that the number of Chinese visitors is expected to grow by 259% in the next 5 years and the number of Brazilian tourists is expected to swell by 83%.The US government is also liberalizing entry formalities by waving/relaxing the visa rules and allowing the undertaking giant travel promotion campaigns in their market areas and using high- profile spokes persons, websites, social media tools to work together to bring together interesting â€Å"traveling opportunities† to the international public and the traveling professionals.Comparing the situation of US, which look at all the problems affecting the globe with Bangladesh, may sound utopian but the point that is being made here is that the Bangladesh government should learn from the best practices in tourism development, and activate the government outfits to re spond to the modern marketing needs. Industry Size and Growth The government created the Tourism Board in 2009, in addition to the Bangladesh Parental Corporation, which existed for the last 40 years to expedite the growth of tourism in the country.It now appears that both the organizations are less active in their divided filed of activities. It has been learnt from a very senior officer of the Bangladesh Parental Corporation that during the last financial year (2011-2012), the government allocated TX. 650. O million to the Board for promoting and branding Bangladesh. A bulk of this allocation has remained unused. During the last year, the Board participated in some international tourism fairs but their presentations were the poorest due to a lack of experience.The Board is composed of 11 representatives drawn from various ministries of the government and 5 directors from private sectors, who do not directly transact with any tourism business. The Board is supposed to meet once in every 2 months to transact business but nothing is known about their activities. The Board does not inform the print and electronic media. There is a National Tourism Policy in the country and there is a National Tourism Council headed by the Prime Minister.But nothing is known to the public about the activities of this high level council. At present Cox's Bazaar, an unplanned beach town, having nearly 450 hotels and the motels, experiences seasonal traffics; and all kinds of illegal activities are conducted there, according to personal experience of some local and many foreign tourists and some official who work in the hotels there. The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism, despite its existence from 1975, has not been able to bring out any official hotel guide, travel agents guide and tour operators guide.The minister is generally seen performing routine functions such as banning mooing in tourist hotels (government by a law) has banned smoking in public places inauguration of 3 -4 travel fairs in a year and these travel fairs promote foreign destinations, rather than domestic tourist centers. Many promises came from the minister pretty fast before the listeners in the recent past, but the follow-up by his ministry remained pretty slow. At present, despite some investment in putting Bangladesh on the international tourism map, there has been a significant failure to make any real impression.The first priority for any Marketing and Communications activity is to rectify this failure. The government must define the key target audiences; analyze what the target group needs: history, archaeology, culture, heritage, cuisine and shopping; create affordable flights and facilitate travel documentation including making visas easy and accessible, especially for potential travelers from key markets (US, Europe, Australia, Japan and China).The present unhelpful attitudes of missions aboard and at the entry points to harass foreign travelers have to be rectified. It must be understood that welcoming the tourists and accommodation. Because of the very absorbing capacity of this industry which is influenced by the functions of many ministries, departments and private sector enterprises, the scope of tourism activities have expanded.UNTO, WATCH, ILL and UNESCO say that: tourism can generate revenue in areas of high biodiversity; tourism can raise public support for conservation since it can provide environmental education to visitors and local/rural people; tourism can catalyst economic opportunities for local/rural people; tourism can be less environmentally damaging than other revenue generating industries based on natural resources; tourism may be one of the few economic activities suited to take place within conservation areas coated on marginal land and tourism based on natural resources can theoretically be sustainable if its impacts are managed and mitigated.The multiplier effect of the tourist dollar bigger, as the dollar changes hands through 13 beneficiaries within the country. Most destination countries have superb five-star resorts and attractions, unique culture, landscape and heritage. Each place describes itself as having the friendliest people, and high standards of customer service. As a result, the need for destinations to create an identity -? to differentiate themselves from their competitors -? is more critical than ever.The ‘Beautiful Bangladesh' slogan, upon which such activities are based at present, is common place and uncompetitive, in a highly sophisticated and competitive market. The work behind branding this nation should be done in Bangladesh, in consultation with sociologists, economists, researchers' economists and environmentalists. Tourism product development is designed to increase the income in the sector by implementation of a comprehensive plan of action that will guide towards dealing with estimated increase in business over the short, medium and long-terms.The strategies for the deve lopment and management of tourist destinations should, therefore, consider the needs and interests of all stakeholders in the tourism system: local/rural community, entrepreneurs, investors, governments, tourists and others. Tourism development needs social dialogue including negotiation, consultation and exchange of information between government, employers and workers on issues of common interest. The goal is to promote consensus building and democratic involvement with the stakeholders of tourism.This should start now and the existing gap be filled. Not only does the lands of Bangladesh have a history that goes back as much as 5,000 ears as an early civilization, an early international center of trade and commerce, it has the tangible, as well as the documentary, circumstantial and empirical evidence to demonstrate that through the centers of tourism attractions. Domestic market The attraction of tourism of a country depends upon its geology, natural beauty, heritage, archeology and history.Bangladesh, the ancient state founded around 300 BC is now a land of 154. 7 million people with an exponential market in tourism industry. With over 8% registered growth from the year 2000 to 2013 the domestic tourism market is full of potentials and opportunities. The domestic tourism of Bangladesh continues to be driven by major cities, like Dacha, Chitchatting, Rajahs and Sylphs etc. And mountain destinations for instance Reanimating, Geographic, Bandore.The locations hosting the massive salt water body like Kuwait, Cox's Bazaar are also the prime intention of native travelers plus the islands across the Bay nowadays regard personal well-being and relaxation as key factors in refreshing their daily lives, the home tourism flow showed smooth growth over the years and the stream of people in the popular tourist attractions rise in its peak in time of three ajar occasions-in the winter and after two Did festivals; Led-LU-fitter and Did-LU- dada.Over year growth of domest ic tourism Year Growth rate (Based on the number of trips and revenue from tourism sector) 2009 – 20104% 2010- 20116% 2011 – 20127. 25% 2012- 20138% To lodge this huge and consistent in ward flow of travelers in these cities, hotel and resort business flourishes impressively. Range of national and international hotels mounts in at the popular tourist destinations to give the travelers a sense of relief and relaxation from the monotony of city hustle and bustle. Hotel Roseville, Hotel Supreme and Maximizing resort are the popular choice of Sylphs.In Chitchatting, Hotel Graded, Hotel Costal Palace, Seagull hotel are operating in full swing. Hash's Inn, SUB Hotel International, Parental Motel etc. Are doing their business in Rajahs. In Ranging Parental Motel, Shah Manta Inn and Hotel North View are the first choice of the customers. Reports Bangle (hotel). Dacha Regency hotel, Platinum Suites are few among the range of hotel experience anyone can enjoy in the capital city of Bangladesh. Few top ranked hotels and resorts of Bangladesh tourism industries are Resort/ Hotel Special Features and LocationDacha Weston Location: Goulash Avenue, Plot-01, Road 45, Dacha 1212, Bangladesh. Height : 85. 91 m (281. 9 Ft), Rooms : 241 Restaurants : 6 , Floors count : 24 Hotel Garden Inn Fully air-conditioned rooms, gym facility, Wi-If advantage, sports zone, rent a car service, conference hall, separate swimming pools. Location: Sleet, Garden Tower, Shah]all Bridge Link Road. Radios Blue Water Garden Five star hotel services, with spa, health club and pool, business lounge facility, free WI-IF, grab and run late checkout facility, expressed checkout and one touch service. Location: Airport road, Dacha Cantonment, Dacha 1206.Coral Blue Only resort in SST. Martins. Facilities for diving, 24 hour reception Apart from the travel to cities and favorite destinations; local festivals and traditions fiestas as well as food tourism and cultural activities are increasingly driving Bangladesh countrymen to discover their nation state more exclusively than ever before. The food industry literally starts booming from the years of the recent past. A number of local and international food courts and restaurant chains are introduce and they are plating high quality international standard recipes with local style, spices and taste in it.To mention few names, international chain restaurants like KEF, Pizza hut, A, Node's and native delights like Nana barbarian, Beauty leach, Mistake chap, Handier barbarian will come upfront. Major tourist attractions of Bangladesh Although there is room for improvement in tourism industry, still there exist a handful of tourism spots for visits. These limited facilities are concentrated in some places, like Dacha, Chitchatting and Sylphs Divisions. In Chitchatting Division, the site seeing facilities are mainly located at Cox's Bazaar, Reanimating, Saccharine and Bandanna districts.Maintain at Comical is an important archaeol ogical site and Alabama Fort in Dacha is a great historic site. In Sylphs Division, the major tourist attractions are located mainly at Gaffing, Manhandled, Tea gardens and the Shrines of Hardhat Shah Jail and Shah Porn. Some renowned attractions in Rajahs Division are Cantata's Temple, Swapping, Rampages and Raja at Dinosaur, Paragraph at Nonage, and Manslaughter at Bogart. In Kulak Division, some attractions are Shutterbug Mosque at Begetter and Sandbar, the largest mangrove forest in the world, is located in the southern part of Kulak Division along the Bay of Bengal.This mangrove forest has been declared as a World Heritage site. There is no denying the fact that, Bangladesh has not made enough efforts to preserve and develop its tourism sites of historical, cultural and environmental interests and that is reason why Bangladesh is not earning as per the expectation from this prospective industry of tourism. Considerable efforts of the Government as well as private sectors are ne cessary here to make this industry flourish so that the domestic market can rise and people of our country gets more interested in discovering their own country ether than visiting other countries as holiday destination.Export growth regarding size and market In tourism industry export is regarded as percentage (%) of total export; which is basically the international tourist receipts (% of total exports) in Bangladesh. An international tourist receipt means the expenditure by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These payments include any other payment made for goods or services received in the destination country. The data shown in the graph shows that international tourist receipts got a onwards trend with some fluctuations.There is lack of budgetary allocation and scarcity of trained people for the development of tourism sector in Bangladesh and to international tourist through advertisement in international print a nd electronic media. Eventually these factors lead to a stagnant growth rate and make the tourism industry a slow operating revenue generating entity. The data shown in the graph reveal that foreign earnings got a rhythmic upward trend for the first 6 years(2001-2006) and then it remained almost stable for the following few years (2006-2010).