Joshua Fletcher Paragraph Orders Spatial free essay sample

Strolling to the furthest limit of the passage makes him fully aware of an abundance of dynamic mayhem. When he looks through the edge he Immediately sees the open toy box to one side. The top is open and a large portion of its substance are not inside. On the divider above, hangs an ornamental cruiser wheeling its way over a young men name, Tactics. Only beneath, in the corner, is a little child bed equipped with Buzz Lightener sheets and his preferred cover. Delegated the bed are the superheroes Thro, Iron Man, and The Incredible Hulk. Maybe there has been some extraordinary clash to spare the earth?By appearances this is by all accounts valid. Checking over the room, he sees the shelf is amiss, books tussled about Its racks and the floor encompassing It. There additionally gives off an impression of being a princess who shares this room. Perhaps its Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, or the Little Mermaid Ariel? For their pictures enhance the dividers, bedding, and drapes of a young lady. What's more, immediately a dads strife is changed into overpowering delight, and the rumpled room appears to be somewhat immaterial. Sequential I wish that my days began at six a. M. Furthermore, that got six to eight hours of rest every night, except infrequently that is the situation. For the most part, Im stirred somewhere close to five and six by one of my two children.Half cognizant eel the pull of the spreads and the heaviness of them moving upon me. This is a delight without equal. Some of the time the two of them come simultaneously, yet as a rule its one followed soon after by the other. For a couple of moments they are tame and afterward we quickly continue into the jobs of the tickler and the tickled. By 6:30 we are for the most part up, my significant other is in the shower and Im up, turning on Nick Jar. What's more, beginning to make chocolate milk and breakfast. I for the most part consistently need to ref between the two while selecting their garments, finding shoes, and cleaning hands and faces.Dont overlook their hypersensitivity declined and nutrients, on the grounds that appears as though one Of them is constantly got the wheezes. By 7:30 wave got our jackets on and out the entryway. Iris is headed toward pre-K and Tactics off to Discovery School. Day breaks off to work, and Im off to class. Go to two or three classes, return home let the pooch out, do some schoolwork, and afterward its off to get Iris. I get back home, get some information about her day, and afterward we generally play for a spell. Attempt to crush in perusing or schoolwork, that way can invest energy with my better half when she and Tactics get home.Fix supper, crease garments, run a shower, read a sleep time story, get them a beverage of water, and alma them down, ideally just a single time by 8:30 p. M. Everything flies by so quick, my significant other and I unwind, possibly watch a film that we nod off through, and on the off chance that we are fortunate we get the chance to rest until six. General to Specific There are numerous kinds of music whose sound changes extraordinarily that are as yet considered exciting music. The vast majority today would scarcely think about the music of Elvis, Buddy Holly, and Chuck Berry as being awesome music, however they are. Groups like the Beetles, the Rolling Stones, and Led Zeppelin are presently viewed as great rock.Rock music has constantly been changing, not generally advantageous. Recollect the glitz musical crews Poison and Motley Cruel? During the 1 asss groups like the Smiths, the Cure was a piece of the stone scene coming over from Britain called new wave. Grunge rock created the symbols Nirvana and Pearl Jam who sound was much increasingly stripped down and had a grittier vibe. The shifting and ever powerful movement has prompted underground rock such groups, for example, the Sex Pistols, in-your-face groups like Hatred, even into explicit little hikes like reminder rock models Taking Back Sunday. This kinds inside the class continue forever and I assume consistently will.John Denver was even in part considered by some to exciting music by a few. I assume next time somebody solicits me what type from music I tune in to will be more explicit when I let them know, exciting music. Explicit to General Drag vehicles are the absolute quickest and most risky vehicles that are made. They are not driven on our standard avenues yet on exceptional tracks called drag strips. A great many people will never drive a top powered drag vehicle in light of the fact that the time and cost of building one is fairly excessive. Select gatherings of the populace can manage the cost of the top of the line execution vehicles, for example, Ferreira andLampooning. These vehicles are as yet major collected by hand and cost well over a hundred and fifty thousand dollars. There are additionally some genuinely reasonable execution vehicles out there, for example, the Corvette Z and Audio TTT who offer superior to average speed and taking care of yet at less selective cost. Vehicle creators have even made torque and dealing with accessible in generally reasonable vehicles, for example, the Chevy Camera, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang GET. These vehicles are moderately economical in examination with top of the line vehicles and are famous among typical day by day commuters.You dont eve to look for extravagance or strength to get starting with one spot then onto the next on the grounds that most all vehicle makers produce some economy vehicle. Indeed, even brands, for example, Aka and Haunted take into account individuals looking for a solid and moderate methods for movement. Question and Answer Were the pyramids in Egypt worked by human hands? I realize that the expansive accord is that groups of Egyptians mobilized together to move the enormous stones that contain the detailed pyramids, however dont think that is intelligent. For one explanation, todays top planners and architects can't imitate the innovation or device important to raise such a feat.Another confusing reality is the manner by which unequivocally the pyramids are designed, each corner pointing genuine N, S, E, and W. Where did this innovation vanish to? On the off chance that advancement is valid, at that point by intelligent derivation, at that point much more prominent accomplishments than these ought to happen today, however they arent. Imagine a scenario where that innovation were not their own. In the book of Genesis section 6 discusses fallen heavenly attendants who slid upon the earth and had sexual relations with ladies to deliver a race of goliaths called the Oenophile. These humanoids were supposed to be 18 to 30 feet tall. David is said to have killed one of the leftovers of the monsters, Goliath with a tone from slingshot.

Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes Essay Example for Free

Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes Essay The presentation of autonomy By Thomas Jefferson Argument * Thomas Jefferson â€Å"Necessary for one individuals to break down the political groups which have associated them with another, and to accept, among the forces of the earth , the isolated and equivalent station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a fair regard to the assessments of humankind necessitates that they ought to announce the causes which induce them to the separation† * Thomas Jefferson needed all settlements to have the right to speak freely of discourse, being qualified for their autonomy and their privileges. Proof * â€Å"We hold these facts to act naturally â€evident †That all men are made equivalent; that they are supplied by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life , freedom and the quest for bliss. † * â€Å"†¦. driving their equitable forces from the assent of the legislatures; that, at whatever point any type of government gets dangerous of these closures, it is the privilege of the individuals to change or to abrogate it, and to found its capacity in such structure as to them will appear to be generally similar to impact their security and bliss.  in General Congress amassed, speaking to the preeminent appointed authority of the world for the integrity of our aims , do , in the name and by the authority of the great individuals of these settlements , seriously distribute and pronounce, that these United Colonies are, and of the territory of Great Britain is, and should be, completely broken down; and that, as free and autonomo us states, they have full capacity to require war, finish up harmony, contract partnerships, set up trade and to do every single other act and things which free states may of right do. Requests * Pathos-â€Å"that all men are made equivalent; that they are supplied by their maker with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, freedom, and the quest for satisfaction. † * Logos-â€Å"the history of the current King of Great Britian is a background marked by rehashed wounds and usurpations, all having, in direct item, the foundation of an outright oppression over these oceans. * Ethos-Rhetorical Strategies amp; Analysis * Thomas Jefferson utilizes ANAPHORA as a logical procedure inside his discourse rehashing â€Å"He Has†. * Thomas Jefferson has an edge with in his discourse he starts with expressing his contention of human rights and finishes with his contention.

UGA Orientation - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

UGA Orientation - UGA Undergraduate Admissions UGA Orientation Summer is upon us, and that means one thing (at least in admissions that is): Orientation! If you are a new student to UGA, you are required to attend an Orientation session (and you get to meet the Orientation Leaders in the photo!). In order to have a successful time at Orientation, you need to make sure to take certain steps to be ready for this event. Review the Orientation To-Do list for First-Year and Transfer students. Prior to attending Orientation, make sure you have taken care of several items that are required before you can register for classes at Orientation. Make sure you have cleared your Verification of Lawful Presence requirement (see your myStatus for how to submit documents for this), send in your Health Center Immunization forms well before your session, and complete the Emergency Contact information in Athena. If you have any transfer work that needs to be reviewed and posted to your account (dual enrollment work for freshman, Spring work for Summer/Fall transfers), get the transcripts into UGA ASAP. Getting this transcript in will mean that you can register for courses that might need this work posted as prerequisite credit. In addition, make sure to send in any AP or IB scores to UGA to make sure the Registrar can post the credit. Review the Pre-Orientation Placement Testing information to see if you need to take any placement exams, and if possible, do these prior to Orientation. Many students will be able to exempt one or more placement tests due to SAT/ACT/AP scores, but you need to check and make sure. Send in your final HS transcript. While we do not need this by your Orientation date, it is best to have this sent in as early as possible so you do not forget about this. If this is not sent in by late June, you will be receiving emails/texts reminding you to send it, and not having this sent to us will cause you not to be able to register for Spring 2017 classes and beyond. Do yourself a favor, send it in ASAP! Download the iPhone app for UGA, and review the Orientation section of the app. This app section gives you a glimpse of the projected schedule and helps you understand more what to expect. Orientation is where you will be able to learn about what is means to be a student at UGA and how to chart your path at Georgia, from course registration to advising to activities/clubs and much more.Orientation is a crash course in College 101, and you need to make sure to listen and soak up as much as you can. Go Dawgs!

What Is an Order Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera means â€Å"membranous wings.† The third largest group in the class Insecta, this order includes ants, bees, wasps, horntails, and sawflies. Description Little hooks, called hamuli, join the forewings and the smaller hindwings of these insects together. Both pairs of wings work cooperatively during flight. Most Hymenoptera has chewing mouthparts. Bees are the exception, with modified mouthparts and a proboscis for siphoning nectar. Hymenopteran antennae are bent like an elbow or knee, and they have compound eyes. An ovipositor on the end of the abdomen allows the female to deposit eggs in host plants or insects. Some bees and wasps use a stinger, which is actually a modified ovipositor, to defend themselves when threatened. Females develop from fertilized eggs, and males develop from unfertilized eggs. Insects in this order undergo complete metamorphosis. Two suborders divide the members of the order Hymenoptera. The suborder Apocrita includes ants, bees, and wasps. These insects have a narrow junction between the thorax and the abdomen, sometimes called the â€Å"wasp waist.† Entomologists group sawflies and horntails, which lack this characteristic, in the suborder Symphyta. Habitat and Distribution Hymenopteran insects live throughout the world, with the exception of Antartica. Like most animals, their distribution is often dependent on their food supply. For example, bees pollinate flowers and require habitats with flowering plants. Major Families in the Order Apidae – honeybees and bumblebeesBraconidae – parasitic wasps (parasites of butterfly and moth larvae)Cynipidae – gall waspsFormicidae – antsScoliidae - scoliid wasps (prey on beetle larvae)Vespidae – hornets and yellow jackets Families and Genera of Interest Genus Trypoxylon, the mud dauber wasps, are solitary wasps that collect and mold mud to form a nest.Sweat bees, the family Halictidae, are attracted to perspiration.Larvae of the family Pamphiliidae use silk to roll leaves into tubes or make webs; these sawflies are called leaf rollers or web spinners.Leaf-cutter ants of the genus Atta consume more Amazon rainforest vegetation than any other animal. Sources Hymenoptera - Dept. of Entomology, North Carolina State UniversityHymenoptera - University of California Museum of PaleontologyHymenoptera - University of Minnesota Department of Entomology

Post-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Essay

Post-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout life, an individual may endure emotionally and physically straining moments causing the person to become downhearted, and or irate. These feelings are normal, but may however become a problem when these feelings prohibit someone from living a ‘normal’ life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier). This purpose of this report is to prove whether or not Holden Caulfield, the main character of J.D. Salingers’s book The Catcher In The Rye, is depressed. What Is A Depressive Disorder? Depression is a serious†¦show more content†¦Another significant factor in Holden’s life was the suicide of James Castle, a schoolmate form Elkton Hills. This is shown when Holden returns home and is conversing with Phoebe in her bedroom. Phoebe asks Holden to name one thing that he really likes. At that moment all Holden can think of is about two nuns he met at the train station and James Castle, â€Å"The funny part is, I hardly even know James Castle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (171). Holden kept replaying the incident just before James died. James â€Å"was a skinny little weak –looking guy, with wrists about as big as pencils (170). Holden remembers â€Å"James [calling Phil Stabile] a very conceited guy, and some of Stabile’s lousy friends went and squealed on him to Stabile† (170). Stabile returned with about six other friends to try to get James to take back what he said but he would not take it back. Holden the recalls â€Å"what he did, instead of taking back what he said he said, he jumped out the window† (170). Holden is going through a really difficult time in his life right now and he is trying to cope with the situations the best way that he knows how. Symptoms of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Many people with PTSD repeatedly re-experience the ordeal in the form of flashback episodes, memories, nightmares, or frightening thoughts, especially when they are exposed to events or objects reminiscent of the trauma. Anniversaries of the event can also trigger symptoms. People with PTSD alsoShow MoreRelatedPost-Traumatic Stress in Relation to Holden Caulfield1181 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Introduction Throughout life, an individual may endure emotionally and physically straining moments causing the person to become downhearted, and or irate. These feelings are normal, but may however become a problem when these feelings prohibit someone from living a ‘normal life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier)Read MoreHolden Caulfield Is On His Own Psychological Journey1450 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novel of Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is on his own psychological journey. This journey tells a lot about who Holden is as a person and the problems he is dealing with. It all starts when Holden has flunked out of Pencey Prep. His psychological struggles are triggered by the traumatic event of his brother, Allie, dying 4 years prior. The death of Allie has affected Holden in all aspects of his life, including friends, school, actions, and thought s. This causes concern in Holden’sRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory Vs. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1205 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding the demeanor of Holden Caulfield, a young boy who is lost in his own world of isolation and adolescence, in J.D. Salinger s famous narrative. The Catcher in the Rye. Using first person to display behavioral actions with phrases such as, â€Å"...I’m not going to be a goddam surgeon or a violinist or anything anyway† (Salinger 39), Sanglier helps portray Holden s depression as he suffers from the loss of his younger brother Allie. Likewise many aspects of Holden s behaviors to the story canRead MoreEssay on Psychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield2159 Words   |  9 Pagesbehavior and stress in an individual. Holden Caulfield, from J.D. Salinger’s, 1948 novel, The Catcher in the Rye has been psychoanalyzed by many readers. Psychoanalysis is insightfully looking at a characters action and behavior to better understand t hem psychologically. By psychoanalyzing Holden Caulfield’s behavior and thoughts, it becomes evident that he has Borderline Personality Disorder caused by his childhood trauma and neglect, and portrayed through symptoms that damage his relations and himselfRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesPERFORMANCE Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Employee Benefits 286 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 PART 6 Chapter 14 LABOR–MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index 398 v Contents PART 1 UNDERSTANDING HRM Chapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments

To what extent did Fascist governments rely on fear to stay in power 1933 †1939 Free Essays

On January 30th 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. By the mid 1930’s he was almost in complete control of Germany and had created a one-party state. The Nazis maintained power from 1933-1939 not only because of fear but because of a combination of reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent did Fascist governments rely on fear to stay in power 1933 – 1939? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their consolidation of power played a vital role as did their large lack of opposition and also their popular policies that appealed to a wide band of Germans. After being appointed chancellor of Germany, Hitler found himself in a very weak position. Out of the twelve ministers in the cabinet only two were members of the Nazis. Also, the Nazis did not control a majority of the Reichstag; they had only gained 33% in the November 1932 elections. And finally, President Hindenburg who had appointed Hitler as Chancellor could dismiss him at any time. The Nazis relied on terror considerably to maintain their regime. The Gestapo were the official secret police of Germany; they were in charge of denunciations. They taught German citizens to spy on their neighbours and report anything that seemed â€Å"unusual†. The Gestapo would act even if there was no valid evidence. They could arrest anyone they wished and even send them to concentration camps. This made many Germans fear the Gestapo. The SS were a protective squadron for the Nazis. They were able to keep â€Å"special prisoners† under â€Å"protective custody†. Thousands of Germans were sent to concentration camps. The SS also acted as prison officers at concentration camps, effectively running them. The SS were used to take charge of the programme of genocide against the Jews. Throughout Germany, many people were afraid that the persecution of the Jews would happen to them. Jewish shops were boycotted, Jews were barred from teaching and following the Nuremburg Laws in 1935, Jews were no longer counted as German citizens. The public now knew how Nazis dealt with â€Å"problems†. Overall, the Nazis created a large atmosphere of fear throughout Germany; this helped them to stay in power as Germans stuck to the rules through fear of punishment and also fear of the general public spying on them. However, there were other reasons for the control of Germans, one of which was the establishment of a Dictatorship. From the very beginning of the regime the Nazis consolidated their power. Less than a month after Hitler’s appointment the Reichstag fire took place. On the 27th February 1933, the Reichstag head quarters were burnt down. A Dutch communist called Marinus Van Der Lubbe was given the blame. Hitler exploited this event, claiming it was a communist conspiracy against the state and it was the start of the communist revolution. After this the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State was passed. President Hindenburg believed Hitler’s claims of the communist revolution beginning and signed the decree. There were four main terms, the first was to arrest the enemies of the state, the second was to suspend the rights of free speech and assembly, the third was censorship and the final term was the right of the Chancellors to take over the powers of the state in emergencies. The March election of 1933 was neither fair nor free and was also illegal by the standards of parliamentary democracy. The Nazis gained 43. 9% and won 233 seats, this was mainly because the SPD and KPD were banned from participating. Also in March of 1933 the Enabling Act was passed. This gave Hitler the right to act without reference to the Reichstag. Hitler proposed he should be allowed to govern alone for 4 years. This was the first step to Hitler becoming a dictator. In July 1933, Hitler passed a law creating a one party state with the Nazis as the only party in the Reichstag. Ernst Rohm, the leader of the SA was seen as a large threat to Hitler as he had plans to unite the SA and the German army. However, Hitler wanted to keep the army loyal to him and was fearful that Rohm would overthrow him if his plan went ahead. Thus he decided to purge the SA this was called the Night of the Long Knives. The SS shot approximately 400 people, yet only admitted to 77. One of those murdered was Ernst Rohm. This further consolidated Hitler’s power and kept the army on his side. In August 1934, President Hindenburg died. Hitler declined the role of President, claiming it would always be associated with the Great War hero Hindenburg. Hitler decided to be known as Fuhrer. By doing this, Hitler avoided limitations on his power by a constitution. Thus, almost two years after being appointed chancellor, Hitler was now Fuhrer of a one-party state, with virtually unlimited political power. This consolidation of power contributed largely to the Nazis staying in power as Hitler was now seen a strong leader, this gained a lot of support. After becoming Fuhrer, Hitler took control of all state and national institutions. This process was known as the Gleichschaltung (Co-ordination). In May 1933, trade unions were banned and replaced by the Nazi Labour Front. In addition, they banned strikes and if anybody opposed they would be dealt with. The Nazis purged the Civil Service and the Police of any opposition; everyone was replaced with loyal Nazis. Furthermore, The German courts were now under political control and had no independence. The Education and Youth organisations provided by the Nazis were regarded as critical. The Hitler youth was created as Hitler wanted the children to continue his supposed 1000 year Reich. All anti-Nazis were fired and all remaining teachers had to join the Nazi teachers’ league. Finally, the Catholic Church signed a â€Å"concordat† with the Nazis in June 1933. They agreed that the church would recognise the Nazi regime and the Nazis would not interfere with the churches beliefs and teachings. Overall, the process of Gleichschaltung further consolidated Hitler’s power over Germany because he now controlled all of the organisations and institutions. This contributed towards the Nazis staying in power and shows that fear was not the only reason. The Nazis regime existed and was maintained not solely through dictatorship and terror. Many of the Nazis’ policies were popular throughout Germany and the regime had a large amount of genuine support from many German people. †¦. WRITE SOMETHING HERE!! Hitler faced no real opposition, this was due to many different reasons. Organised opposition to the Nazis became almost impossible after the one-party state was created. Many Germans were happy to accept Hitler’s rule and so there did not oppose as they provided a strong government. Nazi propaganda was extremely effective, the Nazis created the cult of Hitler, this emphasised the superiority of the Germans over other races. Finally, the protestant and catholic churches did not oppose the Nazis mainly because the Nazis had crushed the communists and they did not want to suffer the same fate. Almost all opposition had been demolished; this helped the Nazis stay in power as it prevented anyone from opposing and gave them no rivalry. There is no denying that fear played a central role in Hitler’s maintain of power. The consolidation of power and the nazification process created a state which eliminated all possible opposition. The period of 1933-1939 was seen as a success for most Germans; Hitler was seen as responsible for restoring Germany’s pride and had dealt with problems holding Germany down. By 1939, Hitler’s popularity had increased and most Germans eagerly accepted Hitler, this was mainly due to fear but also due to the way Hitler had restored Germany and brought back respect. How to cite To what extent did Fascist governments rely on fear to stay in power 1933 – 1939?, Papers

Hungry games free essay sample

When we all got our new semester schedules, my friends and I couldn’t wait to see what off hours we had together. I was so angry when we discovered I was the only one that had fourth hour lunch! I was not going to let that keep me away from my friends though; I had already mastered my ditching skills.I did not go to my sixth hour for over a quarter, and my friends would take turns ditching their fourth hour to come to lunch with me. We didn’t care at all; we never got caught, so we were all good. Then, one Monday morning I received a letter that if I did not attend to my sixth hour I was going to have to go to Saturday school. So I sucked it up, went to class that day and missed out on all the fun. I went to my sixth hour class every day from that day on. We will write a custom essay sample on Hungry games or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One horrible day, the most unpredictable thing happened. I got in a really bad fight with one of my friends during sixth hour lunch. I was too mad to go to my seventh hour class, and I had my 8th hour off, so I decided to go to the â€Å"pana† the â€Å"ditching spot†, until it was time for my mom to pick me up. My best friend came with me and she automatically cheered me up and convinced me to go make up with my friend. We waited for her outside of her class, we only had 20 minutes left of school. We were messing around in the hall, and then I started playing with the fire alarm. I was only taking the dust off of the fire alarm, when out of no where the fire alarm started going off!My friend and I ran out the doors and I called my mom to pick me up. I told her everything that had happened and she wanted me to go tell the office that it had been an accident, but I was too scared and I told her I just wanted to go home.The next day I arrived to school, hands sweaty, shaky and cold. I was so nervous. Right away, I was sent to the office. When I got there my friend was already there. We told the principal everything in detail. She was happy we confessed right away, but we were still suspended for four days and had to pay 50 dollars.When my mom came to the office to pick me up, she was angry. A nice man named Mr. Sena tried to convince my mom that I was a really good student, but little did he know. When we walked into his office, I was terrified. He went to his computer, â€Å"Mire senora†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he paused, â€Å"oh no, here it comes!† I thought as I tried to shrink into the chair and disappear. â€Å"Oh, oh, aqui tenemos algo malo. † Mr. Sena said and pointed at his screen and my mom and him read. They saw all my missing classes, my horrible attendance and my bad grades.My mom didn’t say a word to me until we got to the car. I was so scared and I started to regret all the bad decisions I had made. She yelled and told me how disappointed she was in many different ways. I got home crying to my room. That afternoon my parents talked to me, very serious, very calmly. They told I was moving to a different school for my sophomore year, and that I needed to find something to do over the summer because I wasn’t going to stay home, or go out with my friends all the time.That summer I volunteered at the North Suburban Hospital. I was the sunshine cart girl, meaning I pushed this cart full of free goodies and offered them to the patients. I loved it, it was very fun and I got to cheer patients up. The elderly people were the nicest; they would tell me all sorts of stories from when they were young or how they got to the hospital. Many of them told me how much they appreciated young people like me. They made me feel so good about what I was doing, that I always looked forward to going to the hospital.When the summer ended I started my sophomore year at a completely new school, a very strict, small school, York International. It was all so different to me, I had to wear a uniform, we all had the same lunch and it was completely pointless to ditch. I missed my friends, and my old school and I cried every day after school, but I knew that it was what was best for me.I made great friends and my grades started to get a lot better. I stilled missed my other friends, but I got to see them every other weekend so I was doing better. Getting used to the school took pretty much the whole year, but I continue attending York International. My family is always supporting me, my parents corrected me when I was wrong, and they did it with love. My older sister always tells me to do well in school and get a scholarship. My goal is to own my own catering business, but first I want to attend to Johnson and Whales college. Now, after going through all that, I’ve learned that even when you hit the bottom, you can still rise up and keep going.

Reader-Response Critical Essay on Mitty free essay sample

Reader-Response Critical Essay On Mitty Erica Tosh ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Prof. Alex Vuilleumier August 1, 2011 Reader-Response Critical Essay On Mitty Did you listen to anything that I just said to you, are you even paying attention to me at all? These words are often what I hear rolling off of my grandmother’s tongue, the constant bickering, everything needing to be done a certain way at a particular time. This seems to be the same way Walter Mitty lives his life in the short story, â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. I have elected to write a reader-response critical analysis on this shorty story to define why I found this short story to be alluring, how I related to each character, and how I was able to reminisce on my own life through the words of Thurber. Instantly, the story starts with a daydream of Mitty’s, he is a commander of an 8-engine hydroplane trying to fight his way through a horrific storm. We will write a custom essay sample on Reader-Response Critical Essay on Mitty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the story goes on and the commander is screaming to switch the dials, I can feel the intensity, almost as though I am a co-pilot next to Mitty battling with the rest of the crew. Within seconds, his shrieking wife snaps Mitty out of his daydream, so fast that he barely recognizes her. As fast as this daydream occurs is as fast as reality sets in, and this is an ongoing process throughout the entire short story. Thurber made this story intriguing, leaving the reader with the anticipation of wondering what would be next. As his day goes on, he continues to daydream of various settings, no longer Walter Mitty, now a brilliant surgeon asked to assist in a procedure for a rich Englishman. Thurber strongly uses satire, â€Å"literary art that calls attention to the difference between what a particular thing should be and what it actually is,† (Clugson, 2010 Ch. 1. 2). He uses the word coreopsis as though it is some kind of terrible disease, when in fact this is a beautiful, yellow, wildflower found throughout the world. I found this to be very humorous and creative, enjoyed trying to figure out what it was that Thurber was trying to imply. It would seem impossible to imagine an individual would live a life without ever having a daydream; life wouldn’t be normal for that person. Living without daydreams could possibly result in a completely boring life, living day after day in complete repeat. I did not relate to Mitty’s daydreams due to the intensity and how in depth they were. He imagined being places and doing things that I have only read in a book or have seen on television. My usual daydream contains ideas on what I would like to do with my day or possibly even my week, I have never imagined myself in a completely different atmosphere with a totally different career. When Mitty finally remembered what it was that his wife had asked him to purchase, and he said it out loud, while he was alone, this was the one time I was able to relate to him. He did not realize he was talking to himself and that everyone could hear, it was the excitement that he had actually remembered, and I have found myself doing the same. In this short story, I was more able to relate to Mrs. Mitty. I felt as though I could understand where she was coming from when scolding her husband. He obviously did this often, and she was disturbed by this and felt as though he needed to seek help from a professional. It is hard to be ignored, especially by a significant other, so I felt the annoyance Mrs. Mitty must have been feeling. The humor he brought out in this story was incredible, he made me laugh out loud and I felt the need to continue reading. After the story was over, it made me reminisce on episodes of my own grandfather daydreaming while my grandmother would talk to him. He often would run simple errands and return home with not one thing my grandmother had asked him to buy, not because he didn’t want to buy them, but simply because he left without a clue of what he was out to buy. After reading this story, I asked my grandfather what exactly it was that he would think about while she talked to him, his answer was simple, not hearing the sound of her nagging voice. Reference: Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into Literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, INC. https://content. ashford. edu/books

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Literature The poem Cousin Kate is written by Christina Rossetti in the 19th century. The Choosing was written in the 20th century by Liz Lochhead. Both poems are about two girls who are equal, and how with the interference of a man and a decision they go in different directions of life. In Cousin Kate betrayal is the theme, whereas, in The Choosing there is more a sense of envy between the characters. Both poems are similar. They consist of men, marriage, love and women. Cousin Kate is a traditional narrative poem. It has been written in first person, narrated by I using the personal pronoun. I is the victim. The poem is set out in quatrains so it has a regular structure. Each stanza has four lines and the poem also rhymes. The Choosing has an irregular structure and it doesnt rhyme on every stanza. Rhythm is only used to emphasise the important parts of the poem. The structure of both poems can tell us when the poem was written. Both poems also differ from each other. One difference would be the title. The title The Choosing tells us that a decision was made. The is a definite article and Choosing is a verb, which is a doing word. The purpose of a title is to give the reader an idea to what the poem could be about. It has been used to mislead the reader, it gives you false expectations until you meet the point that the title is relating to in the poem. And wonder when the choices got made we dont remember making. This tells us that a choice was made, but I or Mary didnt decide. The choice was made by Marys father, they moved to a different home. This distanced I and Marys friendship so they took different paths of life. The writer has used caesuras to once again emphasise important parts of the poem. The title Cousin Kate is a proper noun because it is a name. In this poem the writer has used oxymoron to contrast both parts of Is life. To lead a shameless shameful life. This oxymoron tells us that Is life is shameless and shameful, she is trying to express the difference of her present life with her past life. Her past life was shameless because she was an ordinary cottage maiden living an ordinary life, until the Lord found her out and filled her heart with care. Her present life is shameful because she has lost her virginity before marriage. In the 19th century this was considered serious. Women were humiliated and thrown out of their homes, it was a shameful life. In Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden along with her cousin Kate. Contented with my cottage mates. This phrase tells us that I was better off in her past life before the Lord interfered. She wasnt mindful, but she was fair. The Lord took advantage of Is beauty. He lured her to his palace home and used her as his plaything. I however, was unable to see the Lords true colours; she may have truly loved the Lord until she found out about his affair with her cousin Kate. He changed me like a glove. This simile has been used to emphasise how easy it was for the Lord to change Is way of thinking. He tricked her into loving him and he used her to make himself look good to the public. When he was satisfied with her, he became bored and then he noticed Kate. I was cast by. This also tells us that the 19th century had a patriarchal society. Men had to be the boss; only men were permitted to have a job. Women were expected to stay home and take care of their children. Only men were allowed to divorce their wives. The neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing. I is disgraced; she is pointed at and humiliated. Nevertheless, she has something the Lord would give lands for; she has the Lords fair-haired son. Her shame, but her pride and a gift that Kate can never give the Lord. In The Choosing I and Mary are equal and young. With the same coloured ribbons in mouse coloured hair. This tells us that they are young because they wear ribbons on their mouse coloured hair. The word mouse is a synonym to a light brown colour. Synonyms are used to include other words with the same meaning. It also tells us that they are equal and normal average girls. Both girls were first equal and equally proud. We curtseyed to the Lady Councillor for copies of Collins Childrens Classics. This tells us that both girls were equally clever. The writer has used an alliteration to slow down the rhythm and make it stand out to show how important education was then. However, I had always felt a bit jealous of Mary. And my terrible fear of her superiority at sums. This tells us that Mary was a little better at Maths than I. This frightened I a little because Mary would become better than her so they would no longer be equal anymore. I felt jealous. The writer has also used and, a conjunction to show Is agony and feelings of envy for Mary. Ten years later on a Saturday- I am coming home from the library. This tells us that there is a change in time, it is the present tense. It also tells us that she wants to learn and get a good job. She has just come back from the library, she may have been studying there, and she is determined not to go back to the old same life. She wants to see the difference and change in an educated life from an ordinary life. In Cousin Kate Kate is described as good and pure. They are positive adjectives because they describe a person in a good way. Kate is described this way because she is still a virgin. I on the other hand is pregnant with the Lords baby. Kate grew fairer than I. The Lord chose Kate while I was cast by. He bound you with his ring. This tells us that the Lord proposed to Kate. The word bound is a verb; the writer has used this verb because she wants to express to the reader that Kate is restricted from her freedom, she is trapped in his clutches, and theres no escape. This tells us that in the 19th century women were controlled by men, and they were only to do as they were told. Your love was writ in sand. This is a metaphor used to explain to the reader that Kates love for the Lord is false. Kate is interested in the Lords money. Her love can wash away like sand. Kate may be good and pure, but under her pretty face lays greed and selfishness. In The Choosing Mary is a quiet character. I dont know exactly why they moved, but anyway they went. Something about a three-apartment and cheaper rent. Rhythm is used in these two phrases because this is where the choice gets made. It has to stand out to enable the reader to notice. This tells us that Marys father may have had financial difficulties or lost his job so they had to move homes. This also tells us that Mary may have had to live her life uneducated because her father couldnt afford it. It is Marys father who makes the decision of their lives. Mary is a simple and ordinary schoolgirl, but she may have been beautiful to find a handsome husband. Sitting near me on the bus, Mary with a husband who is tall, curly haired, has eyes for no one else but Mary. This sentence has a hurenthasis caesura. It plainly states that Marys husband is devoted to her. The adjectives used in this sentence to describe Marys husband tell us that he is a handsome and good-looking man. This makes I feel jealous of Mary when she sees her on the bus. One other thing that makes I feel envious is when she realises that Mary is pregnant. Her arms are round the full-shaped vase that is her body. This is a metaphor that has been used to tell the reader that Mary is pregnant so she is happy and settled in her marriage. This tells us that in the 20th century women were less controlled by men. Men were beginning to take relationships seriously. The Lord in Cousin Kate praised Is flaxen hair to ensure her that he could be trusted. She fell for the Lords words, but her trust was betrayed after the Lord left her for another women. He wore me like a silken knot. This simile tells us that the Lord found it easy to gain Is trust. However, the Lord cannot completely remove I from his life because she has his son. The Lord needs an heir so he would give lands for one. Marys father in The Choosing is in a working class situation. He has been described in a way to make him sound strict. Marys father, mufflered, contrasting strangely with the elegant greyhounds by his side. This tells us that he isnt a very friendly father. He doesnt believe in high-school education especially for girls so he is sexually double standard and very stereotypical about girls. It was because of his decisions Mary and I took different paths of life. In conclusion, both poems are similar because they consist of women and womens role. Both poems have been written by women. In the 19th century women were expected to get married before they become pregnant. I disobeyed this traditional rule and so she got punished for it. In The Choosing I became jealous of her childhood friend. In the 20th century women were free, they were permitted to work and learn. There was no rush in marriage. The difference is the fact that in both poems the society is different, it is better in the 20th century. Women are included as useful.

Biography on Antoine Watteau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biography on Antoine Watteau - Essay Example He was not able to get along well with Metayer and ended up working in a factory painting devotional pictures, he did not have a choice then since he was already starving and had to sacrifice his art. Thus, as early as 18 years of his life, Watteau began to make copies of Flemish and Dutch genre paintings which resulted to the development of his technique characterized as sketchlike. After a year of working at Pont Notre Dame, he became an assistant to the painter Claude Gilllot whose paintings depicted mythological landscape. Gillot was a good mentor since his apprentice surpassed him in popularity and developed their own technique. The main contribution of Gillot to Watteau was his association with character s of commedia dell’arte which heavily influenced Watteau’s works later in his life. Another mentor in Watteau’s life is a Flemish interior decorator named Claude Andran III. By profession, Adran was the curator of Palais de Luxembourg. This allowed Watteau to view the famous paintings made by Pater Paul Rubens for Queen Marie de Medici. In his life as an artist, Watteau experienced disappointments especially when he was disqualified by the Academy to obtain Prix de Rome. He took this as a challenge and surpassed the expectations of the Academy that he himself became a member of that prestigious organization. Sadly in 1720 Watteau’s health began to fail him and he sought the advice of Dr. Richard Mead who was then a a notable physician. Admittedly, he was a sickly boy since childhood days and his devotion to his work made him neglect his failing health. As a result Watteau’s life as an artist was cut-off in 1721 since he died from tuberculous laryngitis at the age of 36. Eventually, he paid the price at the cost of his life. Antoine Watteau has created many artworks yet some of them raised controversy through the meaning they seem to interpret or symbolize. Among the art works that was known as provocative was the

Research paper on Workplace diversity Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on Workplace diversity - Research Proposal Example On the other hand it can become a constraint or limitation if a firm disregards the existence of workplace diversity. This essay analyzes the topic of workplace diversity by discussing the author’s personal experiences and by analyzing concepts and theories on the topic. In the United States of America there are laws that protect employees from being discriminated against based on race, sexual orientation, religion preference, or ethnic background. The most important law that prohibits discrimination in the workplace is the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A lot of discrimination cases occur due to stereotypes. A stereotype is an assumption made about a person based on group categorizing. In a recent judicial proceedings judge Miller ruled that an employer can’t discriminate based on sex stereotypes, but it can rely on dress code that enacts stereotypes (Weiss). Resistance to change is one of reasons that it is sometimes difficult for organizations to properly manage workplace diversity. I’ve personally seen how workplace diversity can help companies get the most out of its human resource. A few years ago I worked in a medium size company whose corporate culture took advantage of workplace diversity. There were a few hundred employees in the company which included more than 50 international employees. The human resource department recruited through the internet professionals from all over the world. The company offered very good relocation incentive packages and paid these foreign employees 10-25% more than what the industry paid employees of similar educational and work experiences. One of the reasons the company hired so many international workers was for the insight these people could provide which in turn was utilize to determine the best locations for corporate expansion. The company utilized multiple communication factors in their dealings with international employees. The interpersonal relationships among the entire staff were a motivating factor

Mechanisms for Optical Limiting

Mechanisms for Optical Limiting Chapter 2 2.1. Reverse Saturable Absorption In the mid 1960s shortly after the invention of the laser, many researchers were investigating dyes for potential application to Q-switching of the laser cavity. For this application, dyes were sought that would bleach to transparency under intense illumination (saturable absorbers). Guiliano and Hess [2a] in 1967 were investigating vat dyes and their modified cousins and noted some examples that not only did not bleach to transparency but instead darkened at high intensities. This was the first recognition of the property of reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Reverse saturable absorption generally arises in a molecular system when the excited state absorption cross section is larger than the ground state cross section. The process can be understood by considering a system that is modeled using three vibronically broadened electronic energy levels, as shown in figure 2.1. The cross section for absorption from the ground state 1 is à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is the cross section for absorption from the first excited state 2 to the second excited state 3. The lifetime of the first excited state is à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2 (seconds). Figure 2.1: Three level and Four level models for RSA As light is absorbed by the material, the first excited state begins to become populated and contributes to the total absorption cross section. If à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is smaller than à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, then the material becomes more transparent or ‘bleaches’ i.e. it is a saturable absorber. If à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is larger than à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, then the total absorption increases, and the material is known as a reverse saturable absorber. This behavior is shown in figure 2.2 Figure 2.2: Plot of the incident intensity versus the transmitted intensity of a typical three level RSA material. The change in intensity of a beam as it propagates through the material is: , (2.1) Where z is the direction traversed, NT is the total number of active molecules per area in the slice dz, N2 is the population of level 2 and the population of level 3 has been neglected. Initially, the material obeys Beer’s law when 2 is unpopulated, and the transmission is constant as the incident fluence is increased. The slope is given by. At a sufficiently high fluence, however, the first excited state 2 becomes substantially populated and in the limit of complete ground state depletion the slope again becomes constant at the new value of. The optical limiting action is not truly limiting, as the fluence, which is transmitted, is still increasing with increasing incident fluence, but it does so more slowly. If the ratio à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, is sufficiently large, however, the new transmission will be small and in a properly designed system the dynamic range of the sensor will be greatly extended. The three level diagrams describe the simplest case for RSA materials but can generally only be applied for subnanosecond pulses and under circumstances such that transitions from the second excited state are negligible. The energy states involved in three level materials usually consists of singlet states and the transitions are all allowed. The transition cross sections are therefore large, but a disadvantage is that de-excitation is rapid (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2 is small). This necessitates larger intensities for long pulses to activate the nonlinearity through populating the excited electronic state. Fortunately, on longer timescales in some systems, significant intersystem crossing to other states can occur from the first excited state. In this case the five level diagrams shown in figure 2.1 is applicable. The excited state 4 is usually a triplet or other long-lived state, and for long pulses it can act as a metastable state that accumulates population during the pulse. The lifetime of 4 gives an indication of the maximum pulse width for which the material is efficient to act as an optical limiter. Pulses with duration longer than the metastable state allow some of the metastable molecules generated by the leading edge of the pulse to decay to the ground state before the trailing edge have passed, thereby reducing the RSA. In most systems, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´3 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´5 are very small and significant populations of 3 and 5 do not accumulate. Therefore, N3 and N5 can be set to zero, considerably simplifying the dynamical equations describing. The equations representing the full five level models are given below by: (2.2) (2.3) (2.4) (2.5) (2.6) (2.7) and (2.8) Where hà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ® is the energy per photon, I is the intensity of the pulse and stimulated emission has been neglected. The latter assumes that optical coupling to the excited states is well above the bottom of the vibronic manifolds and that relaxation from the optically-coupled states to the bottom of the manifolds occurs on a time scale that is much shorter than the pulse duration. To completely understand the response of an RSA device, these equations must be solved as the pulse propagates through the material. The material parameters necessary to solve the equations are à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³4, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´4 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´24. For optimum optical limiting performance, certain parameters need to be maximized. The ratio of the excited state absorption to the ground state, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³4/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1 should be large to minimize the transmission of the limiter at high incident intensity. For maximum efficiency, the lifetime of the triplet state (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2) and the intersystem crossing rate l/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´24 should be large to populate the triplet state and maintain the population throughout the pulse. By the mechanism of RSA we get better performance on optical limiting. 2.2. Two-Photon Absorption (TPA): Two-photon absorption (TPA) can also be used in a manner similar to RSA to construct optical limiters. In contrast with reverse saturable absorption, TPA is an instantaneous nonlinearity that involves the absorption of photon from the field to promote an electron from its initial state to a virtual intermediate state, followed by the absorption of a second photon that takes the electron to its final state. Since the intermediate state for such transitions is virtual, energy need not be conserved in the intermediate state but only in the final state. The mechanism of TPA can be thought of in terms of the three level RSA model for the case where the lifetime of the intermediate state approaches zero and the ground state absorption is extremely low (highly transparent). The intensity of the beam as it traverses the material is: (2.9) Where z is the linear absorption coefficient and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ is the TPA coefficient which is related to the imaginary part of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £(3) by the equation (SI units): (2.10) Here, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ · is the circular frequency of the optical field, n0 is the linear index of refraction, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The solution to the propagation equation for à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡= 0 (transparent material at low intensities) is given by (2.11) Where L is the sample length. This clearly demonstrates that the output intensity decreases as the input intensity increases, exactly the behavior that is desired for an optical limiter. The strength of this reduction is explicitly dependent on the TPA coefficient, the incident intensity and the sample thickness. For TPA, the material response is of the order of an optical cycle and is, therefore, independent of the optical pulse length for a fixed intensity. The device will respond virtually instantaneously to the pulse. On the other hand, because of the limited magnitude of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ in existing materials, high intensities are required to realize significant TPA. Since the intensity is essentially the energy density divided by the pulse duration, short pulses are required to achieve limiting with TPA for energy densities that may be high enough to damage an optical sensor. 2.3. Free-Carrier Absorption: This type of limiting occurs in semiconductor materials. Once carriers are optically generated in a semiconductor, whether by single photon or two-photon absorption, these electrons (holes) can be promoted to states higher (lower) in the conduction (valence) band by absorbing additional photons. This process is often phonon assisted, although depending on the details of the band structure and the frequency of the optical excitation, it may also be direct. The phonon assisted phenomenon is referred to as free-carrier absorption, and it is analogous to excited-state absorption in a molecular system. It is clearly an accumulative nonlinearity, since it depends on the buildup of carrier population in the bands as the incident optical pulse energy is absorbed. Free-carrier absorption always plays some role in the operation of a semiconductor limiter, if the excitation process results in the generation of significant free carrier populations in the bands. While it certainly contributes to the limiter performance and its inclusion is important in the precise modeling of the response of such devices, just as in the case of TPA, its importance typically pales in comparison with nonlinear refractive effects, whether the carriers are generated by single photon or two photon transitions. 2.4. Nonlinear Refraction Optical limiters based on self focusing and defocusing form another class of promising devices. The mechanism for these devices may arise from nonlinear refraction associated with carrier generation by either linear or two photon absorption in a semiconductor. Both self focusing and defocusing devices operate by refracting light away from the sensor as opposed to simply absorbing the incident radiation. Compared to strictly absorbing devices, these limiters can, therefore, potentially yield a larger dynamic range before damage to the limiter itself. Figure 2.3 (a) shows the typical device configuration for a self defocusing limiter, while figure 2.3 (b) shows a similar device based on self focusing. A converging lens is used to focus the incident radiation so it passes through the nonlinear medium. This lens provides optical gain to the system, allowing the device to activate at low incident intensities. The output passes through an aperture before impinging on the detector. At low input levels, the nonlinear medium has little effect on the incident beam, and the aperture blocks an insignificant portion of the beam, thus allowing for a low insertion loss for the device. When nonlinear refraction occurs, however, the nonuniform beam profile within the medium results in the generation of a spatially nonuniform refractive index. This acts as either a negative or positive lens, depending on the sign of the refractive nonlinearity, causing the incident beam to either defocus or focus. Figure 2.3: (a) Typical self defocusing optical limiter configuration (b) Typical self focusing optical limiter configuration. In a properly designed system, this self lensing results in significant energy blocked by the system aperture, thereby protecting the sensor. The location of the nonlinear medium is critical to the operation of the refractive limiting device. A self-focusing limiter works best if the nonlinear medium is placed approximately a Rayleigh range before the intermediate focus of the device. When the focusing lens is induced the effective focal length of the device is reduced, and hence a larger beam appears at the exit aperture. For a self-defocusing material, the optimum geometry is approximately one Rayleigh range after the focus. This geometry dependence can be exploited to determine not only the sign of the nonlinear refraction in a given medium, but the magnitude as well. This is the principle behind the so-called Z-scan technique, which has been pioneered by Van Stryland and coworkers [2b,2c]. The technique consists of moving the nonlinear medium through the focal region of a tightly focused beam while measuring the transmittance through an aperture placed in the far field of the focal plane. When the medium is far before the focal plane, no self-lensing occurs. As the medium approaches the focal plane, the high intensity begins to induce a lens in the medium. For a negative nonlinearity, this lens tends to collimate the beam, thereby increasing the transmittance through the aperture. Near the focal plane, even though the intensity is highest, the influence of the induced lens is minimized, resulting in a transmittance comparable to the linear transmittance. This is similar to placing a thin lens at the focus of a beam; this results in minimal effect on the far field beam pattern. As the sample is moved beyond the focal plane, the negative lens tends to increase the beam divergence, resulting in a decrease in the aperture transmittance. As the medium is moved still farther from focus, the intensity again becomes weak enough that the induced lensing is negligible. This sequence results in a change in transmittance with a characteristic peak, followed by a null, followed by a valley as the sample is moved from the input lens, through focus, toward the output lens. For a positive nonlinearity, the pattern consists of a valley, a null, and then a peak. Thus, the sign of the nonlinearity is readily determined. While nonlinear absorption has been neglected in this discussion, if present, it must also be accounted for. This is readily done by removing the aperture in the limiter and collecting all the light transmitted by the nonlinear material. This measurement is then insensitive to nonlinear refraction. The response in this case is a valley symmetrically located about the focal plane. It should be noted that nonlinear absorption and induced scattering cannot be distinguished by this technique. The general shape of the Z-scan for a positive index change, negative index change, and a nonlinear absorber or scatterer is shown in figure 2.4 . Figure 2.4: Schematic representation of z-scan results for a negative refractive nonlinearity (dashed curve) and a positive refractive nonlinearity (dotted curve). Both curves have been corrected for absorption. The solid curve shows the result of removing the aperture from the measurement apparatus and collecting all the transmitted light, thus isolating the nonlinear absorption [1e]. 2.5. Induced Scattering Scattering roots from interaction of light with small centers which may be physical particles or simple interfaces sandwiched between non-excited and excited molecular groups. The size of the scattering centers determines whether the scattering will be quite directional or reasonably uniform. Transmission of a medium, for a given solid angle, decreases when scattering centers are induced in the medium by an optical signal. Therefore, this phenomenon of scattering induced by optical signal may be applied to manufacture of optical limiters for sensor protection. Optical limiters based on induced scattering are usually focused on liquid media, as the phenomenon is usually reversible in these media. That is to say, the liquid in the excited state can return to equilibrium with ease in the absence of chemical or structural decomposition. However, in solids, usually irreversible decomposition processes generate the scattering centers which can lead to degradation in the device’s lin ear operation. When light is incident on a particle, the electric charges within the particle oscillate due to its interaction with the electric field. Radiations are then caused by the oscillation. In 1899, Lord Rayleigh originally presented the analytic expression and theory of the elastic scattering of light from particles with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light. Rayleigh scattering is the name given to the phenomenon. This applies only to particles whose dimensions are quite smaller than the wavelength of light or which are non-absorbing. However, in 1908, Mie developed a theory for particles with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light or greater [2d]. The transmitted intensity equations of the Mie scattering are notably more intricate than of Rayleigh scattering. In Mie scattering, a bigger percentage of the scattered radiation is in forward direction as the size of the scattering particles increases, implying that limiting based on Mie scattering will not be as effectiv e as Rayleigh scattering. 2.6. Photorefraction Two devices, namely coherent-beam excisor and the beam fanning limiter based on the photorefractive effect are used to limit coherent optical radiation. Materials showing photorefraction should have a nonzero χ(2). The traditional photorefractive mechanism is based on the photorefractive crystal which possesses deep levels that can be excited optically to generate free charge in the conduction or valence band. In a material showing photorefraction, when two coherent beams interfere, additional mobile charge are generated at the peaks of the intensity pattern than at the valleys through photoexcitation of the deep levels of the crsytal. These charges which are photoexcited at the peaks diffuse into the valleys ensuing a variation of charge spatially, in correspondence to the material’s interference pattern. These charges results in an electrostatic space-charge field which gives rise to a change in refractive index through the electro-optic effect in a properly oriented cry stal. Energy coupling and energy exchange can then be achieved between the two beams through the grating generated, which is 90 degrees phase shifted from the intensity of the photon field. A high intensity coherent beam when incident singly on a photorefractive crystal, the energy can be coupled into a large amount of low intensity scattered beams. Fields with new wave vectors are generated inside the crystal by the scattering of the incident beam at the crystal imperfections. The photorefractive gratings are then produced by the interference of the incident field with these scattered fields. Optical signal can later be coupled from the incident beam to the scattered beams through diffraction from these gratings. The light gets preferentially scattered to one side of the crystal as there is a preferred direction of energy transfer for photorefractive gratings which is determined by the direction of the c-axis of the crystal and the charge carriers’ sign. This photorefractive beam fanning phenomenon can be quite efficient in reducing the intensity of the transmitted beam. Construction of an optical limiter using this beam fanning process has been demonstrated by Cronin-Golomb and Yariv [2e]. The photorefractive excisor is another device which provides a weak seed beam to interfere with the incident beam. It is assembled to protect the sensor in such a way that the photorefractive grating produced by the interference of the primary beam with the seed beam at high intensities couples energy from the strong incident beam to the weak seed beam. The speed and efficiency of the device is thus improved. 2.7. Summary All of the nonlinear phenomena discussed above can be used for optical limiting, and figure 2.5 schematically illustrates the application of some of these processes. Figure 2.5 (a) depicts the use of induced absorption, such as reverse saturable absorption, two-photon absorption, and free-carrier absorption. Figures 2.5(b) and 2.5(d) represent, respectively, a self-defocusing limiter, self-focusing limiter, and an induced scattering limiter. Finally, figures 2.5(e) and 2.5(f) illustrate a photorefractive beam fanning limiter and a photorefractive excisor device. While it is often the case that any given material will exhibit multiple nonlinear properties, for simplicity the effects of each individual process have been separately depicted in figure 2.5. Figure 2.5: Some optical limiters based on different mechanisms (a) an induced absorption limiter (b) Self defocusing limiter (c) Self focusing limiter (d) Induced scattering limiter (e) Beam fanning limiter (f) Photorefractive excisor device [1e].

The History of Oppressed Puerto Rico :: Historical Spanish Essays

The History of Oppressed Puerto Rico Jesus Colon, in â€Å"How to Know the Puerto Ricans,† makes a statement that I believe explains and articulates the effect centuries of exploitation has had on Puerto Rico, and on the identity of Puerto Ricans. He writes, â€Å"So when you come to knock at the door of a Puerto Rican home you will be encountered by this feeling in the Puerto Rican-sometimes unconscious in himself-of having been taken for a ride for centuries.†(Santiago, 71) This assertion is appropriate and logical in the sense that Puerto Rico was invaded, ruled, and exploited by the Spaniards from 1508 until July 1898 when the Spanish flag was lowered and the United States began its invasion. With the exclusion of the aristocrats, who were either directly from Spain or criollos , there was complete oppression in Puerto Rico during the time it was a Spanish colony. The history of Puerto Rico under Spanish rule is useful in understanding the formation of Puerto Rican identity and in understanding some of the literature written by Puerto Ricans regarding issues of identity. The numerous historical, economical, social, and political circumstances of Puerto Rico as a colony has affected identity formation of its people. In 1508, Ponce de Leon led the arrival of Spanish into Puerto Rico. Between the years of 1511-1513, Taà ­nos fought against the Spaniards because they were taking away the Taà ­no culture. An outright rebellion with guerrilla warfare occurred in 1511 and then 1513-1514 experienced a lessening of this overt manner of rebellion and a conversion to more evasive and passive forms of resistance (Figueroa, Sept. 22). Among Puerto Ricans, especially the jibaros , there was a great amount of anti-state, anti-Spanish sentiment. However, the plebian peasantry (jibaros) erected a faà §ade that they were following Spanish authorities' orders, although in reality the peasants discounted and discredited the orders of the Spaniards (Figueroa, Sept. 22). By presenting this faà §ade, the authorities falsely believed that the peasantry was not going to cause problems and would be loyal to Spain and its delegates. From 1650 until 100 years later, â€Å"relative isolation from the international economy fostered the growth of an independent, racially mixed peasantry whose contact with the outside world was limited to occasional contraband trade with foreigners.†(Scarano, 4) Despite evidence that it would be unsuccessful, the Spanish government tried to create a plantation labor force from the peasantry. This would

The Different Styles of Narration

Narrators in Film and Novel In this chapter, Stam introduces the different styles of narrators in Novel. According to him, they vary from the first-person report-narrator to the multiple letter writers of epistolary novels, to outside-observer narrators of reflexive novels like Don Quixote and Tom Jones, to the once intimate and impersonal narrator of Madame Bovary, to the â€Å"stream-of-consciousness† narrators, on to the intensely objective/subjective obsessional narrators of Robbe-Grillet.What interests Stam is the fact that these different styles of narration cannot be really explained by the conventional terms that exist. That happens because language and grammar are the foundation of the traditional analysis of film and literature and in this context have leaded to a terminology based on them, a terminology such as first-person narrator or third-person narrator. This kind of grammar based terminology and approach, can create confusion and obscure facts like writers shif ting person and changing the relation between narrator and fiction.For Stam though, the most important issue is not the grammatical â€Å"person† as he says, but the control an author has over the intimacy and the distance and how he calibrates the access to a character’s knowledge and consciousness. Literary narration can be complicated through film because of the verbal narration (voice over/speech of characters) and the capacity a film has to present the different appearances of the world.Andre Goudreault says that filmic narration is more powerful than â€Å"monstration† (showing) and â€Å"narration† (telling) and that for him, editing and other cinematic procedures consist of the evaluation and the comments of the filmic narrator. This way films tell stories (narrate) and at the same time stage them (show). Stam explains that  «the film as â€Å"narrator† is not a person (the director) or a character in the fiction but, rather, the abstract instance of a superordinate agency that regulates the spectator’s knowledge ».In other words â€Å"le grand imagier† and the â€Å"meganarrator†, all names attributed to the narrator, can be considered as the conductor of an orchestra who uses the instruments of cinematic expression as musical instruments. The author (Stam) continues his chapter by explaining how a double play of forms can be made possible through sound cinema. Voice-over narration and monstration (showing) mutually reinforce each other like in Sunset Boulevard where the scene is supposed to be a visual manifestation of what Joe Gillis is saying. We will also come across that during my extract analysis.In more modernist films like India Song (1975) and Last year at Marienbad (1961) the two forms contradict each other, in a sense that what is told is not what is being shown. Since sound made its appearance in film, cinema has been as Chion says â€Å"vococentric†, it has an orientation toward the human voice, which, in the cinema, according to Stam can provide information and focus for spectatorial identification. A debate has started about whether a film can actually narrate. Film theorists believe that filmic â€Å"narration† is only a fiction of the human mind.They don’t argue of course about films being able to develop certain processes of â€Å"narration† but they state that these processes can only be considered as cheap copies of a â€Å"narrator†. This logic though can also be valid for novelistic narrators. Theorist like Christian Metz, consider film to be a deployment of â€Å"impersonal† narration in which case the narrator is both the one that provides the fictional world and the one that comments on this same world. Stam chooses to stand on another important matter of narratology, the relationship between the events told and the temporal standpoint of the telling.For example, whether the telling if the story is takin g place after the events of the story, which is called a retrospective narration, or prior, in which case, as he explains, we have an oracular or prophetic narration. In some cases, the telling and the events are simultaneous or even interpolated, meaning that they take place during the intervals between the moments of the main action. For Stam, the question is how all these different settings of time manage to be translated within adaptations. There is the case of â€Å"embedded narration†, where a story contains another story inside it, in a narrative mise-en-abyme.This is the case of the extract I have chosen to analyze. These substories go by the term of hypodiegesis. This occurs when a story contains a sub-story. For Genette, the term â€Å"diegesis† refers to three things, the time and space, the participants, and the events in a narrative. Around this term he creates terms such as â€Å"autodiegetic† (when the narrator generates and tells his own story), â€Å"homodiegetic† (when the narrator is part of the story but is not the protagonist) and â€Å"heterodiegetic† (when the narrator is not part of the story at all). â€Å"Autodiegetic† comes from the greek word â€Å" †, â€Å"homodiegetic† from â€Å" and â€Å"heterodiegetic† from â€Å" †. â€Å" † means â€Å"narrative† and â€Å" † has the meaning of â€Å"itself†. â€Å" †means it has a resemblance with something and â€Å" † that it is something different. So when the narrator is autodiegetic it means he is narrating himself, when he is homodiegetic, he narrating about something similar with him and when he is heterodiegetic he is narrating about something different that him. Stam adds that the narrator can be single or collective, a group narrator and that off screen narrators can be single, multiple or even contradictory like in the case of Citizen Kane.He also makes a distinction between living and dead narrators. A dead narrator would be when at the time the narrator is talking it has been known to us that he is already dead in the story. So the narration would probably take place after the events. Stam continues his analysis by referring to reliability. Narrators can be completely suspect (like Leonard in Memento, the movie I have chosen to analyze) ,more or less reliable, or serve as dramatized spokespersons for the implied author. The modern period has a taste for changing narrators and unreliable ones.This is the case of the bildungsroman, a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood and in which character change is extremely important. Sometimes, also, the reliability of a narrator as the governess in James’s Turn of the Screw can cause difficulty for literary interpretation. Cases of â€Å"lying narration† are also offered in the cinema. What is challenging for Stam, is to find a way to reproduce in a way all the ambiguity and readerly decipherment of the text, on a cinematic register.Self-obsessed neurotic narrators like Humbert Humbert in Lolita, tend to be relativized by adaptation in a severe manner. While the narrator in the novel is â€Å"autodiegetic†, in the film he switches to â€Å"homodiegetic†. The problem is that the discursive power an unreliable narrator possesses is drastically reduced by film because of the multitrack nature of the film. In a novel, there is only one track available and that is the verbal track, which is of course controlled by the narrator.In a film though, even if the narrator can partially control the verbal track by the use of voice-over or character dialogue, that same control remains subject to a great amount of constraints such as the presence of other characters, voices, objects etc. While it’s not impossible to portrait an unreliable first-person narration in the cinema, all the problems mentioned above lead us to understand that it would be extremely difficult and could only be succeeded by relentless subjectification in almost all the cinematic registers.Point of View This chapter of â€Å"The Theory and Practice of Adaptation† tries to answer questions concerning focalization and point of view which is a term that has been regarded as problematic. â€Å"Point of view† can either refer to an ideological orientation, an emotional stance or even to the angle from which a story is told. Unlike literature, this term in cinema is always literal because of the camera set-ups that are required. Nevertheless, it can be figurative too at the same time, through the use of cinematic means.For Stam, an authorial point of view can be sensed in films. He explains that the film’s multitrack and multiform nature are to be seriously considered if we want to understand the cinematic point of view since each and every filmic track and procedure can convey one. Next, Stam takes interest in the relationship between the knowledge of the character and that of the narrator, something that has been referred to as â€Å"focalization†. According to Todorov, three were the possibilities: narrators could either know more, less or as much as the characters.Of course, one might argue that quantity is not always the case, since the two can also know differently. Gennete chooses to make a distinction between narration (who speaks or tells) and focalization (who sees) and then separates this last term into three sub-terms. â€Å"Zero focalization† refers to narrators who know much more than the rest of the characters. â€Å"Internal focalization† occurs when events are filtered through a character and is subdivided into â€Å"fixed† for when it is limited to a single character or â€Å"variable† for when it’s passed from character to character.Finally, â€Å"external focalization† takes place when the rea der cannot access to point of view and motivations and can only be a simple observer of external behavior. Andre Goudrault and Francois Jost argued that the term of focalization can create problems when it comes to the visual medium of cinema since the sound film has the ability to show what a character sees and say what he thinks at the same time. They proposed a separation of these two functions by the use of two terms. The first term is â€Å"ocularization† and refers to the relation of what the camera shows and what the character is supposed to be seeing. Focalization† was used by the two narratologists to characterize the cognitive point of view adopted by the story. Stam also examines how â€Å"point of view† intersects with â€Å"style†. Adaptations have been considered less modernist than their sources but that is not the case with adaptations like the one of Virginia Woolf’s Orlando by Sally Potter in 1992 or Bunuel’s That Obscure Ob ject of Desire, where, in the contrary, the novel’s modernism is amplified. The author chooses to conclude this chapter not by answering questions, but rather by asking them.He is interested in the handling of temporality and wonders if instances of Genette’s â€Å"pause† take place in the novel and the adaptation, as montage sequences or as static close shots without action. He mentions Cristian Metz’s eight syntagmatic types in the cinema (one-shot sequence or autonomous shot, parallel syntagma, bracket syntagma, descriptive syntagma, alterning syntagma, scence, episodic sequence, ordinary sequence) and asks how these types are useful and wonders about the existence of any correlations with temporality in film and their nature.He questions the role of description in novel and film and wants to know if there is a possibility of pure (unnarrativized) description in any of these two mediums and finally sets the question of stylistic equivalences across the m. MEMENTO [pic] Memento is a film directed by Christopher Nolan and released in the year 2000. He wrote the story with his brother Jonathan Nolan, based on a short story published by Jonathan called Memento Mori. The whole film can be divided in 22 colored and 22 black and white sequences plus the opening sequence which runs backward and is shown in slow motion.In order to understand the analysis of the sequence chosen (1. 22. 58 – 1. 48. 43) a brief introduction to the movie’s plot is necessary: Leonard Shelby (Guy Pearce) is a former insurance investigator whose wife was killed during an assault in their home. During that assault he sustained a head trauma and now suffers from a memory dysfunction which makes him unable to create any new memories after the incident. He remembers of everything prior the incident though like who he is, what his job was and everything about his life with his wife.But each time he wakes up he can’t remember where he is, why he is there or what he did and who he met the day before. He cannot trust anyone and his whole life is one big constant puzzle solving. There is only one thing that motivates him and that is to hunt down and kill his wife murderer. To collect the facts needed to avenge his wife he has developed a strategy that consists of taking polaroid pictures of everyone he meets, of the place he lives in and so on while also getting tattooed on his body every important information he comes across. pic]Leonard’s tattooed body In his investigation he is helped by two persons, Teddy (Joe Pantoliano) and Natalie (Carrie-Anne Moss). The viewers of Memento find out pretty fast that a mentally ill character like the one of Leonard Shelby is an extremely unreliable narrator. Nollan gives us hints about the unreliability of human memory . [pic][pic] We can also see Leonard being manipulated by others and making mistakes while collecting information on his wife’s murderer. [pic][pic] We can see here that he mistakes the I of the license plate for a 1What is very interesting in the revenge story In addition to Leonard’s revenge story is the embedded story of Sammy Jankis and his wife which we will encounter in the sequence I have chosen to analyze. [pic] EXTRACT ANALYSIS Introduction The selected movie extract (1. 22. 58 – 1. 48. 43) is a sequence shot in Scope like the entire film is and in black and white as half of the movie’s sequences are. Those sequences were shot that way in order to be separated from the colored ones. Black and white sequences are shown in a chronologically forward order whilst the colored ones are shown backwards and don’t have a linear narrative structure.In this specific extract, Leonard Shelby narrates part of Sammy Jankis’s story, probably the most important one because it describes how he killed his wife by giving her an overdose of insulin. As it is explained to the viewers earlier in the film, Sammy suffers of the same condition as Leonard. Leonard investigated his case when he was still healthy and working for the insurance company and refused Sammy’s insurance claim by proving it was a psychological condition rather than a physical one. Relation between Stam’s text and the Memento sequenceStam refers in his chapter Narrators in Film and Novel to the case of â€Å"embedded narration† and how embedded narratives generate hypodiegesis. Hypodiegesis occurs when a substory is embedded within stories. In the case of this extract, the story is the one of Leonard’s hunting down his wife’s killer while dealing with his condition , and the substory , the one of Sammy Jankis’s condition and how his wife tries to deal with it. In the sequence Leonard is speaking on the phone with someone yet unknown to the viewers who is supposed to be a police officer.During their conversation, â€Å"Lenny† talks about his condition while comparing it to Sammyâ €™s and decides to speak about what happened to him and his wife. This is when hypodiegesis occurs. [pic] Once this embedded narrative begins we are the scene is no longer situated in the same place and the characters have changed. As Leonard narrates the camera serves as a visual manifestation of what he is describing. We see him in a room with Sammy’s wife crying just after we hear him speaking about how she came to see him in his office.Then he talks about how, persuaded he could â€Å"snap out of† this mental condition, she put him through his final exam. [pic][pic] Then we are transported back to the Jankis’s home where Leonard does not describe the fact that she tricks her husband into giving her three consecutive insulin shots (as it is shown) but only talks about how she found a way to test him hoping she would call his bluff. As Stam says â€Å"a voice over narration gradually gives way to direct monstration, yet we somehow take what is monstrated to emanate from the initial narrative†.What makes this substory so interesting is the fact that the story of Sammy Jankis may in fact be the story of Leonard Shelby. Perhaps this whole parallel story wants to show the viewer that Leonard's own wife was killed not by a murderer but by Leonard himself. There are several hints that point out the lack of the character’s reliability and lead us to conclude that his substory is a fabrication of his own subconscious. Reliability is actually a very interesting issue for Stam and in this case our narrator belongs to â€Å"those who are almost completely suspect† as they are called in Stam’s text.There are three important moments in the sequence that help us understand Leonard’s unreliability. The first one is when he takes in his hands a picture of himself (which later we learn it was took the moment he killed his wife’s murderer) and turns it the other way so that he doesn’t see it anymore. At the same time he says â€Å"It’s completely fucked because nobody believes you, it’s amazing what a little brain damage will do for your credibility. I guess it’s some kind of poetic justice for not believing Sammy†. [pic][pic] The fact that he hides the picture shows the viewers that he does not want to see it.He does not want to see himself while he tells Sammy‘s story, because he wants to forget that it is actually his story. He is lying to himself and wants to believe his lies. His words have also great meaning. He says that nobody believes him and that he has no credibility. He is again talking about himself because it is he that does not believe himself and he knows that he is not credible. His subconscious is projected to the viewers, we can see how deep inside he knows he is lying and he is fighting to believe these lies.As he says he didn’t believe Sammy, or, maybe he didn’t believe himself? The second hint is given to the sp ectators when he looks at one of his tattoos which is â€Å"remember Sammy Jankis† and at the same time says on the phone â€Å"Like Sammy. What if I‘d done something like Sammy? †. [pic] In this case, a doubt is raised, both in our minds and in Leonard’s mind. What if he had done something like Sammy? What if he had killed his wife without knowing it? The ending will show that he actually did kill his wife exactly how Sammy is supposed to have.The tattoo reminds him of Sammy, he needs that tattoo, he needs to be reminded of Sammy, otherwise there would be no meaning for him to continue on leaving. He needs to mask the facts in such a way so that he’ll have a purpose to go on. Remembering Sammy Jankis means to forget about what he did. The last moment that points out to Leonard’s lack of reliability is the most visual one. While Leonard describes how Sammy was put in a home after the death of his wife, we can see Sammy sitting in a chair at t he exact home. The camera starts to zoom in on him, when, at a certain point, a doctor passes in front of him and we have a cut.When the action starts again, the doctor gets out of the way and we can get a glimpse (for exactly 2 frames) of Leonard sitting in that same chair instead of Sammy, just before the scene ends. It is obvious that Nolan wants the viewers to see that Sammy and Leonard are the same person and that Leonard is actually describing his own story. [pic][pic] Conclusion Memento is a film with unique narrative structure. The story behind it is rather simple but the narrative structure is extremely elaborate and constant attention from its spectators is needed.The lack of short memory of the protagonist and and the chaos following him and his attempts to put together the puzzle of his wife’s murder are linked to whole storytelling in a very intelligent way. The fact that the main plot’s narrative structure is backwards and that its conclusion is revealed in the opening sequence, along with the mix of color and black and white sequences, can sometimes confuse the spectators as much as the main character. The spectators are this way driven to identify themselves in Leonard, sharing with him the confusion and the feelings of each revelation, as well as those of the disappointing truth.

Erik Eriksons Attachment Theory Essay - 836 Words

Erik H. Erikson was a significant psychologist that greatly changed the field of child development. In the 1950’s, Erikson advanced a Freudian approach in development. He viewed that social development as a series of eight challenges that people have to overcome. Each challenge has an outcome that’s either favorable or unfavorable. The outcome drastically affects a person’s personality. For example, in a favorable outcome, the result can leave a positive feeling. With a positive outlook, it’s easier for a person to cope with challenges in life. An unfavorable outcome can leave a person at a disadvantaged for the future. During the first couple challenges, Erikson believed that the caregiver has a great impact on a child’s development†¦show more content†¦If the toddler is able to explore with certain boundaries, the toddler will most likely develop a sense of self-sufficiency. On the other hand, if the parents are never satisfied with the t oddler’s effort and are overprotective, the toddler may develop a lack of confidence and shame (Romero). By definition, â€Å"attachment is the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver (Romero; Perry).† During the first eight months of life, an infant will typically form an emotional attachment to a caregiver. The kind of attachment is based on the nurture and care the infant receives. The type of attachment between an infant and a caregiver can help determine the child’s personality and development (Romero). Secure attachment is commonly considered the healthiest style of attachment. This bond results when a caregiver responds to the child’s needs in an appropriate manner. The child will learn that the caregiver will be responsive and available (Romero). When parents provide a safe and secure environment, a child can build a nurturing relationship. Most of all, a child will simply feel valued and loved (Greenberg; Romero). In the future, a child with a secure attachment is empathetic and eager to try new things in life (Perry; Romero). A typical child has an optimistic attitude and they enjoy interacting with other people (Perry). Also, â€Å"Kids who were secure as infantsShow MoreRelatedTrust vs Mistrust Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesparents to ensure their infant’s needs are being met. In 1965 Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial growth stages beginning with Stage 1, ‘trust vs. mistrust’, which occurs from birth and throughout the first year of an infant’s life (Candlin 2008, p.76). 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Both theories believe that personality beginsRead MoreDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical dr ives. This eight-stage theory is sequential, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreErik Eriksons Eight Developmental Stages Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesERIK ERIKSON’S EIGHT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Erik Erikson was a psychological pioneer well thought out before his time. Instead of dealing in psychosexual stages, he was discussing work in terms of psychosocial stages. Heavily influence by Freud and believing that personality played a huge part in the conflict within the ego itself, Erikson was the first ego psychologist. Believing that growth can take place well into adulthood, Erikson divided his eight stages into three that were going on simultaneouslyRead MoreApplication Of The Personality Theories Developed By Erik Erikson And Raymond Cattell1724 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of the Personality Theories Developed by Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell â€Å"Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† (Cherry, 2014). My personality is influenced from my specific circumstances, my upbringing, and it is represented best through the theorists of Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell. In specific circumstances my behaviorRead MoreIntroduction. Erik Erickson’S Interest In How One’S Environment1646 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Erik Erickson’s interest in how one’s environment and social interaction drives human behavior and the development of personality, led him to create the psychosocial theory, â€Å"Eight Stages of Man.† Erikson’s final four stages of psychosocial development describes a person’s development from adolescence to late adulthood. This paper will analyze the final four stages of development, which includes: Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood. However, one of theRead MoreWhat is Psychosocial Development?948 Words   |  4 PagesA man named Erik Erikson who was a psychoanalyst who believed that early childhood successes and failures were responsible for influencing later developmental stages developed this theory. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is based around the theory that social experience has an impact over an entire lifespan. There are eight stages developmental stages of development in the psycho social theory and I will briefly examine all eight stages in this paper. Erik Erikson is bestRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Development1127 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget, Erik Erikson, and John Bowlby have theorized what happens in this stage of life. Theorists Piaget came up with the Theory of cognitive development. The theory of cognitive development has four stages. Sensorimotor is the first stage. The first stage of Piaget s theory lasts from birth to approximately about the age of two. This stage is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world around them through hearing, seeing, smelling, touching, tasting, and feeling. Erik Erikson developedRead MoreEcological Systems Theory By Urie Bronfenbrenner1556 Words   |  7 PagesEcological Systems Theory The Ecological Systems Theory was founded by Urie Bronfenbrenner. This theory focuses on the impact of the environment on a child’s overall development. The identifying characteristics of Bronfenbrenner’s theory are the five systems used to organize external influences within a child’s development. These systems are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Each system is aligned with specific interaction levels. The microsystem is considered